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We explore techniques for eye gaze estimation using machine learning. Eye gaze estimation is a common problem for various behavior analysis and human-computer interfaces. The purpose of this work is to discuss various model types for eye…

Conventional feature-based and model-based gaze estimation methods have proven to perform well in settings with controlled illumination and specialized cameras. In unconstrained real-world settings, however, such methods are surpassed by…

Introduction: In the realm of human-computer interaction and behavioral research, accurate real-time gaze estimation is critical. Traditional methods often rely on expensive equipment or large datasets, which are impractical in many…

Facial action unit (AU) detection and face alignment are two highly correlated tasks, since facial landmarks can provide precise AU locations to facilitate the extraction of meaningful local features for AU detection. However, most existing…

Estimation of 3D gaze is highly relevant to multiple fields, including but not limited to interactive systems, specialized human-computer interfaces, and behavioral research. Although recently deep learning methods have boosted the accuracy…

Facial landmark detection is a widely researched field of deep learning as this has a wide range of applications in many fields. These key points are distinguishing characteristic points on the face, such as the eyes center, the eye's inner…

Facial landmarks are highly correlated with each other since a certain landmark can be estimated by its neighboring landmarks. Most of the existing deep learning methods only use one fully-connected layer called shape prediction layer to…

Localization of salient facial landmark points, such as eye corners or the tip of the nose, is still considered a challenging computer vision problem despite recent efforts. This is especially evident in unconstrained environments, i.e., in…

In this study, we show that landmark detection or face alignment task is not a single and independent problem. Instead, its robustness can be greatly improved with auxiliary information. Specifically, we jointly optimize landmark detection…

In recent years, attention mechanisms have significantly enhanced the performance of object detection by focusing on key feature information. However, prevalent methods still encounter difficulties in effectively balancing local and global…

Facial landmark detection plays an important role for the similarity analysis in artworks to compare portraits of the same or similar artists. With facial landmarks, portraits of different genres, such as paintings and prints, can be…

The uprising trend of deep learning in computer vision and artificial intelligence can simply not be ignored. On the most diverse tasks, from recognition and detection to segmentation, deep learning is able to obtain state-of-the-art…

Localizing anatomical landmarks are important tasks in medical image analysis. However, the landmarks to be localized often lack prominent visual features. Their locations are elusive and easily confused with the background, and thus…

Deep learning has bolstered gaze estimation techniques, but real-world deployment has been impeded by inadequate training datasets. This problem is exacerbated by both hardware-induced variations in eye images and inherent biological…

Facial action unit (AU) detection and face alignment are two highly correlated tasks since facial landmarks can provide precise AU locations to facilitate the extraction of meaningful local features for AU detection. Most existing AU…

Facial landmark localization plays an important role in face recognition and analysis applications. In this paper, we give a brief introduction to a coarse-to-fine pipeline with neural networks and sequential regression. First, a global…

Visual attention mechanisms have proven to be integrally important constituent components of many modern deep neural architectures. They provide an efficient and effective way to utilize visual information selectively, which has shown to be…

We present a vehicle self-localization method using point-based deep neural networks. Our approach processes measurements and point features, i.e. landmarks, from a high-definition digital map to infer the vehicle's pose. To learn the best…

Object detection, instance segmentation, and pose estimation are popular visual recognition tasks which require localizing the object by internal or boundary landmarks. This paper summarizes these tasks as location-sensitive visual…

With the rapid development of deep learning technology in the past decade, appearance-based gaze estimation has attracted great attention from both computer vision and human-computer interaction research communities. Fascinating methods…