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Surveillance footage can catch a wide range of realistic anomalies. This research suggests using a weakly supervised strategy to avoid annotating anomalous segments in training videos, which is time consuming. In this approach only video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Kapil Deshpande , Narinder Singh Punn , Sanjay Kumar Sonbhadra , Sonali Agarwal

Multiple Instance Learning is the predominant method for Whole Slide Image classification in digital pathology, enabling the use of slide-level labels to supervise model training. Although MIL eliminates the tedious fine-grained annotation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Chen Shu , Boyu Fu , Yiman Li , Ting Yin , Wenchuan Zhang , Jie Chen , Yuhao Yi , Hong Bu

Weakly supervised object detection (WSOD) using only image-level annotations has attracted growing attention over the past few years. Existing approaches using multiple instance learning easily fall into local optima, because such mechanism…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-05 Chenhao Lin , Siwen Wang , Dongqi Xu , Yu Lu , Wayne Zhang

Anomaly detection (AD) is a crucial task in machine learning with various applications, such as detecting emerging diseases, identifying financial frauds, and detecting fake news. However, obtaining complete, accurate, and precise labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Minqi Jiang , Chaochuan Hou , Ao Zheng , Xiyang Hu , Songqiao Han , Hailiang Huang , Xiangnan He , Philip S. Yu , Yue Zhao

Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification remains a challenge due to their extremely high resolution and the absence of fine-grained labels. Presently, WSI classification is usually regarded as a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Hongyi Wang , Luyang Luo , Fang Wang , Ruofeng Tong , Yen-Wei Chen , Hongjie Hu , Lanfen Lin , Hao Chen

This work studies a challenging and practical issue known as multi-class unsupervised anomaly detection (MUAD). This problem requires only normal images for training while simultaneously testing both normal and anomaly images across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Jiangning Zhang , Xuhai Chen , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang , Yong Liu , Xiangtai Li , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Dacheng Tao

With the increasing adoption of video anomaly detection in intelligent surveillance domains, conventional visual-based detection approaches often struggle with information insufficiency and high false-positive rates in complex environments.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Peng Wu , Wanshun Su , Guansong Pang , Yujia Sun , Qingsen Yan , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Anomaly detection is a crucial task in various domains. Most of the existing methods assume the normal sample data clusters around a single central prototype while the real data may consist of multiple categories or subgroups. In addition,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-03 Zhijin Dong , Hongzhi Liu , Boyuan Ren , Weimin Xiong , Zhonghai Wu

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) can play a key role in spotting unusual activities in video footage. VAD is difficult to use in real-world settings due to the dynamic nature of human actions, environmental variations, and domain shifts.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Shanle Yao , Ghazal Alinezhad Noghre , Armin Danesh Pazho , Hamed Tabkhi

In Multiple Instance learning (MIL), weak labels are provided at the bag level with only presence/absence information known. However, there is a considerable gap in performance in comparison to a fully supervised model, limiting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Anxiang Zhang , Ankit Shah , Bhiksha Raj

In this paper, we address the challenging problem of single-scene, fully unsupervised video anomaly detection (VAD), where raw videos containing both normal and abnormal events are used directly for training and testing without any labels.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuang Geng , Junkai Zhou , Kang Yang , Pan He , Zhuoyang Zhou , Jose C. Principe , Joel Harley , Ivan Ruchkin

In recent years, the task of weakly supervised audio-visual violence detection has gained considerable attention. The goal of this task is to identify violent segments within multimodal data based on video-level labels. Despite advances in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Xiaogang Peng , Hao Wen , Yikai Luo , Xiao Zhou , Keyang Yu , Ping Yang , Zizhao Wu

Meta-learning has become a practical approach towards few-shot image classification, where "a strategy to learn a classifier" is meta-learned on labeled base classes and can be applied to tasks with novel classes. We remove the requirement…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Han-Jia Ye , Lu Han , De-Chuan Zhan

Safe autonomous systems in complex environments require robust road anomaly segmentation to identify unknown obstacles. However, existing approaches often rely on pixel-level statistics to determine whether a region appears anomalous. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhuolin He , Jiacheng Tang , Jian Pu , Xiangyang Xue

Zero-shot anomaly detection (ZSAD) requires detecting and localizing anomalies without access to target-class anomaly samples. Mainstream methods rely on vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP: they build hand-crafted or learned prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yanning Hou , Peiyuan Li , Zirui Liu , Yitong Wang , Yanran Ruan , Jianfeng Qiu , Ke Xu

Multi-instance learning (MIL) deals with tasks where data is represented by a set of bags and each bag is described by a set of instances. Unlike standard supervised learning, only the bag labels are observed whereas the label for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Weijia Zhang , Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu

Convolutional Dictionary Learning (CDL) has emerged as a powerful approach for signal representation by learning translation-invariant features through convolution operations. While existing CDL methods are predominantly designed and used…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-22 Hao Chen , Dayuan Tan

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a powerful approach to classify whole slide images (WSIs) for diagnostic pathology. A fundamental challenge of MIL on WSI classification is to discover the \textit{critical instances} that trigger the bag…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Zhikang Wang , Yue Bi , Tong Pan , Xiaoyu Wang , Chris Bain , Richard Bassed , Seiya Imoto , Jianhua Yao , Jiangning Song

Multiple instance learning (MIL) models have achieved remarkable success in analyzing whole slide images (WSIs) for disease classification problems. However, with regard to gigapixel WSI classification problems, current MIL models are often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Ziyu Su , Mostafa Rezapour , Usama Sajjad , Metin Nafi Gurcan , Muhammad Khalid Khan Niazi

Unsupervised learning visible-infrared person re-identification (USL-VI-ReID) aims at learning modality-invariant features from unlabeled cross-modality dataset, which is crucial for practical applications in video surveillance systems. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 De Cheng , Xiaojian Huang , Nannan Wang , Lingfeng He , Zhihui Li , Xinbo Gao