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In this paper, we take a deep dive into microarchitectural security from a hardware designer's perspective by reviewing the existing approaches to detect hardware vulnerabilities during the design phase. We show that a protection gap…

Selective hardening is widely employed to improve the reliability of FPGA based soft processors while limiting the overhead of full redundancy. However, existing approaches primarily rely on architectural criticality or functional fault…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Mostafa Darvishi

Validating FPGA firmware logic used in particle physics is becoming increasingly difficult as the implementation logic scales and becomes more complex with the expansion of FPGA resources. In order to address this issue efficiently, we have…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-04-09 Ryugo Mizuhiki , Junpei Maeda , Seiya Marumoto

Applications of reversible circuits can be found in the fields of low-power computation, cryptography, communications, digital signal processing, and the emerging field of quantum computation. Furthermore, prototype circuits for low-power…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ketan N. Patel , John P. Hayes , Igor L. Markov

Vision Transformers (ViTs) that leverage self-attention mechanism have shown superior performance on many classical vision tasks compared to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and gain increasing popularity recently. Existing ViTs works…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Xinghua Xue , Cheng Liu , Ying Wang , Bing Yang , Tao Luo , Lei Zhang , Huawei Li , Xiaowei Li

As processors increase in complexity, costs grow even more rapidly, both for functional verification and performance validation. Most often, silicon characterizations comprise simple performance counters, which are aggregated and separated…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Daniel Ruelas-Petrisko , Farzam Gilani , Anoop Mysore Nataraja , Zoe Taylor , Michael Taylor

Fault attacks are active, physical attacks that an adversary can leverage to alter the control-flow of embedded devices to gain access to sensitive information or bypass protection mechanisms. Due to the severity of these attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Pascal Nasahl , Miguel Osorio , Pirmin Vogel , Michael Schaffner , Timothy Trippel , Dominic Rizzo , Stefan Mangard

We present a customizable soft architecture which allows for the execution of GPGPU code on an FPGA without the need to recompile the design. Issues related to scaling the overlay architecture to multiple GPGPU multiprocessors are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Kevin Andryc , Tedy Thomas , Russell Tessier

With the ubiquity of IoT devices there is a growing demand for confidentiality and integrity of data. Solutions based on reconfigurable logic (CPLD or FPGA) have certain advantages over ASIC and MCU/SoC alternatives. Programmable logic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Sergei Skorobogatov

A precise vulnerability discovery model (VDM) will provide a useful insight to assess software security, and could be a good prediction instrument for both software vendors and users to understand security trends and plan ahead patching…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-30 Viet Hung Nguyen , Fabio Massacci

The use of high-level languages for designing hardware is gaining popularity since they increase design productivity by providing higher abstractions. However, one drawback of such abstraction level has been the difficulty of relating the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Oriol Arcas-Abella , Abhinav Agarwal

Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) development tool chains are widely used in FPGA design, simulation, and verification in critical areas like communications, automotive electronics, and aerospace. Commercial FPGA tool chains such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shikai Guo , Xiaoyu Wang , Xiaochen Li , Zhihao Xu , He Jiang

The identification of safe faults (i.e., faults which are guaranteed not to produce any failure) in an electronic system is a crucial step when analyzing its dependability and its test plan development. Unfortunately, safe fault…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-25 C. C. Gursoy , M. Jenihhin , A. S. Oyeniran , D. Piumatti , J. Raik , M. Sonza Reorda , R. Ubar

Large language models (LLMs) are highly compute- and memory-intensive, posing significant demands on high-performance GPUs. At the same time, advances in GPU technology driven by shrinking transistor sizes and lower operating voltages have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Duo Chai , Zizhen Liu , Shuhuai Wang , Songwei Pei , Cheng Liu , Huawei Li , Shangguang Wang

This study focuses on Intelligent Fault Diagnosis (IFD) in rotating machinery utilizing a single microphone and a data-driven methodology, effectively diagnosing 42 classes of fault types and severities. The research leverages sound data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Tito Spadini , Kenji Nose-Filho , Ricardo Suyama

We present a first of its kind framework which overcomes a major challenge in the design of digital systems that are resilient to reliability failures: achieve desired resilience targets at minimal costs (energy, power, execution time,…

The current over-provisioned heterogeneous multi-cores require effective run-time optimization strategies, and the run-time power monitoring subsystem is paramount for their success. Several state-of-the-art methodologies address the design…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Andrea Galimberti , Michele Piccoli , Davide Zoni

Modern processor advancements have introduced security risks, particularly in the form of microarchitectural timing attacks. High-profile attacks such as Meltdown and Spectre have revealed critical flaws, compromising the entire system's…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Congcong Chen , Jinhua Cui , Jiliang Zhang

Hardware-firmware integration is becoming a productivity bottleneck due to the increasing complexity of accelerators, characterized by intricate memory hierarchies and firmware-intensive execution. While numerous verification techniques…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-14 G Abarajithan , Zhenghua Ma , Francesco Restuccia , Ryan Kastner

To improve power efficiency, researchers are experimenting with dynamically adjusting the supply voltage of systems below the nominal operating points. However, production systems are typically not allowed to function on voltage settings…