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Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) stands as one of the most effective and scalable methods for training transferable vision models using paired image and text data. CLIP models are trained using contrastive loss, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Lijie Fan , Dilip Krishnan , Phillip Isola , Dina Katabi , Yonglong Tian

Evaluation metrics for image captioning face two challenges. Firstly, commonly used metrics such as CIDEr, METEOR, ROUGE and BLEU often do not correlate well with human judgments. Secondly, each metric has well known blind spots to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Yin Cui , Guandao Yang , Andreas Veit , Xun Huang , Serge Belongie

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) on large-scale image-caption datasets learns representations that can achieve remarkable zero-shot generalization. However, such models require a massive amount of pre-training data. Improving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Siddharth Joshi , Arnav Jain , Ali Payani , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

The conventional training approach for image captioning involves pre-training a network using teacher forcing and subsequent fine-tuning with Self-Critical Sequence Training to maximize hand-crafted captioning metrics. However, when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Nicholas Moratelli , Davide Caffagni , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

The evaluation of machine-generated image captions poses an interesting yet persistent challenge. Effective evaluation measures must consider numerous dimensions of similarity, including semantic relevance, visual structure, object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-26 David Chan , Suzanne Petryk , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Trevor Darrell , John Canny

Contrastive language image pretraining (CLIP) is a standard method for training vision-language models. While CLIP is scalable, promptable, and robust to distribution shifts on image classification tasks, it lacks object localization…

In rapidly evolving field of vision-language models (VLMs), contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP) has made significant strides, becoming foundation for various downstream tasks. However, relying on one-to-one (image, text)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Haicheng Wang , Chen Ju , Weixiong Lin , Shuai Xiao , Mengting Chen , Yixuan Huang , Chang Liu , Mingshuai Yao , Jinsong Lan , Ying Chen , Qingwen Liu , Yanfeng Wang

A pre-trained visual-language model, contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP), successfully accomplishes various downstream tasks with text prompts, such as finding images or localizing regions within the image. Despite CLIP's strong…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 YeongHyeon Park , Myung Jin Kim , Hyeong Seok Kim

The interplay between the image and comment on a social media post is one of high importance for understanding its overall message. Recent strides in multimodal embedding models, namely CLIP, have provided an avenue forward in relating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-11 William Theisen , Walter Scheirer

Contrastively trained vision-language models have achieved remarkable progress in vision and language representation learning, leading to state-of-the-art models for various downstream multimodal tasks. However, recent research has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Harman Singh , Pengchuan Zhang , Qifan Wang , Mengjiao Wang , Wenhan Xiong , Jingfei Du , Yu Chen

Contrastive learning based on instance discrimination trains model to discriminate different transformations of the anchor sample from other samples, which does not consider the semantic similarity among samples. This paper proposes a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Hao Li , Xiaopeng Zhang , Hongkai Xiong

The learning objective of vision-language approach of CLIP does not effectively account for the noisy many-to-many correspondences found in web-harvested image captioning datasets, which contributes to its compute and data inefficiency. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Alex Andonian , Shixing Chen , Raffay Hamid

Beyond the success of Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP), recent trends mark a shift toward exploring the applicability of lightweight vision-language models for resource-constrained scenarios. These models often deliver…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Chu Myaet Thwal , Ye Lin Tun , Minh N. H. Nguyen , Eui-Nam Huh , Choong Seon Hong

Image captioning aims at generating descriptive and meaningful textual descriptions of images, enabling a broad range of vision-language applications. Prior works have demonstrated that harnessing the power of Contrastive Image Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Longtian Qiu , Shan Ning , Xuming He

Image captioning models require the high-level generalization ability to describe the contents of various images in words. Most existing approaches treat the image-caption pairs equally in their training without considering the differences…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Hongkuan Zhang , Saku Sugawara , Akiko Aizawa , Lei Zhou , Ryohei Sasano , Koichi Takeda

The Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has recently shown remarkable generalization on "zero-shot" training and has applied to many downstream tasks. We explore the adaptation of CLIP to achieve a more efficient and generalized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Qiang Wang , Junlong Du , Ke Yan , Shouhong Ding

Recently, vision-language models like CLIP have advanced the state of the art in a variety of multi-modal tasks including image captioning and caption evaluation. Many approaches leverage CLIP for cross-modal retrieval to condition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Fabian Paischer , Markus Hofmarcher , Sepp Hochreiter , Thomas Adler

Recent efforts have repurposed the Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) model for No-Reference Image Quality Assessment (NR-IQA) by measuring the cosine similarity between the image embedding and textual prompts such as "a good…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhicheng Liao , Dongxu Wu , Zhenshan Shi , Sijie Mai , Hanwei Zhu , Lingyu Zhu , Yuncheng Jiang , Baoliang Chen

Image captioning evaluation remains a significant challenge, as vision-language models evolve toward more challenging capabilities such as generating long-form and context-rich descriptions. State-of-the-art evaluation metrics involve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Gonçalo Gomes , Bruno Martins , Chrysoula Zerva

Contrastive learning has been shown to produce generalizable representations of audio and visual data by maximizing the lower bound on the mutual information (MI) between different views of an instance. However, obtaining a tight lower…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Shuang Ma , Zhaoyang Zeng , Daniel McDuff , Yale Song