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Feature attribution methods attempt to explain neural network predictions by identifying relevant features. However, establishing a cohesive framework for assessing feature attribution remains a challenge. There are several views through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yawei Li , Yang Zhang , Kenji Kawaguchi , Ashkan Khakzar , Bernd Bischl , Mina Rezaei

This paper studies the robustness of feature attribution methods for deep neural networks. It challenges the current notion of attributional robustness that largely ignores the difference in the model's outputs and introduces a new way of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Panagiota Kiourti , Anu Singh , Preeti Duraipandian , Weichao Zhou , Wenchao Li

Various attribution methods have been developed to explain deep neural networks (DNNs) by inferring the attribution/importance/contribution score of each input variable to the final output. However, existing attribution methods are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Huiqi Deng , Na Zou , Mengnan Du , Weifu Chen , Guocan Feng , Ziwei Yang , Zheyang Li , Quanshi Zhang

The limited transparency of the inner decision-making mechanism in deep neural networks (DNN) and other machine learning (ML) models has hindered their application in several domains. In order to tackle this issue, feature attribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Dong Qin , George Amariucai , Daji Qiao , Yong Guan , Shen Fu

Feature attribution explains neural network outputs by identifying relevant input features. The attribution has to be faithful, meaning that the attributed features must mirror the input features that influence the output. One recent trend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Yang Zhang , Yawei Li , Hannah Brown , Mina Rezaei , Bernd Bischl , Philip Torr , Ashkan Khakzar , Kenji Kawaguchi

We study the problem of attributing the prediction of a deep network to its input features, a problem previously studied by several other works. We identify two fundamental axioms---Sensitivity and Implementation Invariance that attribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-14 Mukund Sundararajan , Ankur Taly , Qiqi Yan

For AI systems to garner widespread public acceptance, we must develop methods capable of explaining the decisions of black-box models such as neural networks. In this work, we identify two issues of current explanatory methods. First, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Oana-Maria Camburu , Eleonora Giunchiglia , Jakob Foerster , Thomas Lukasiewicz , Phil Blunsom

In the last decade neural network have made huge impact both in industry and research due to their ability to extract meaningful features from imprecise or complex data, and by achieving super human performance in several domains. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Dominique Mercier , Jwalin Bhatt , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

The attribution method provides a direction for interpreting opaque neural networks in a visual way by identifying and visualizing the input regions/pixels that dominate the output of a network. Regarding the attribution method for visually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Zhenqiang Li , Weimin Wang , Zuoyue Li , Yifei Huang , Yoichi Sato

Attribution methods have been developed to understand the decision-making process of machine learning models, especially deep neural networks, by assigning importance scores to individual features. Existing attribution methods often built…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-14 Huiqi Deng , Na Zou , Mengnan Du , Weifu Chen , Guocan Feng , Xia Hu

Explaining the decisions of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model is increasingly critical in many real-world, high-stake applications. Hundreds of papers have either proposed new feature attribution methods, discussed or harnessed these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Giang Nguyen , Daeyoung Kim , Anh Nguyen

Image attribution analysis seeks to highlight the feature representations learned by visual models such that the highlighted feature maps can reflect the pixel-wise importance of inputs. Gradient integration is a building block in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Róisín Luo , James McDermott , Colm O'Riordan

Deep networks have shown remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks, yet getting a global concept-level understanding of how they function remains a key challenge. Many post-hoc concept-based approaches have been introduced to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Amin Parchami-Araghi , Sukrut Rao , Jonas Fischer , Bernt Schiele

AI explainability improves the transparency of models, making them more trustworthy. Such goals are motivated by the emergence of deep learning models, which are obscure by nature; even in the domain of images, where deep learning has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Anna Arias-Duart , Ferran Parés , Dario Garcia-Gasulla , Victor Gimenez-Abalos

Interpretability is an important area of research for safe deployment of machine learning systems. One particular type of interpretability method attributes model decisions to input features. Despite active development, quantitative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Mengjiao Yang , Been Kim

Attribution methods compute importance scores for input features to explain model predictions. However, assessing the faithfulness of these methods remains challenging due to the absence of attribution ground truth to model predictions. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Peiyu Yang , Naveed Akhtar , Jiantong Jiang , Ajmal Mian

As deep vision models' popularity rapidly increases, there is a growing emphasis on explanations for model predictions. The inherently explainable attribution method aims to enhance the understanding of model behavior by identifying the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Xianren Zhang , Dongwon Lee , Suhang Wang

Understanding the decision processes of deep vision models is essential for their safe and trustworthy deployment in real-world settings. Existing explainability approaches, such as saliency maps or concept-based analyses, often suffer from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Éloi Zablocki , Valentin Gerard , Amaia Cardiel , Eric Gaussier , Matthieu Cord , Eduardo Valle

To better understand the output of deep neural networks (DNN), attribution based methods have been an important approach for model interpretability, which assign a score for each input dimension to indicate its importance towards the model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Zhiyu Zhu , Huaming Chen , Jiayu Zhang , Xinyi Wang , Zhibo Jin , Minhui Xue , Dongxiao Zhu , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo

With the increased deployment of machine learning models in various real-world applications, researchers and practitioners alike have emphasized the need for explanations of model behaviour. To this end, two broad strategies have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Usha Bhalla , Suraj Srinivas , Himabindu Lakkaraju