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Positive-unlabeled (PU) learning is a weakly supervised binary classification problem, in which the goal is to learn a binary classifier from only positive and unlabeled data, without access to negative data. In recent years, many PU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Wei Wang , Dong-Dong Wu , Ming Li , Jingxiong Zhang , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

We address the issue of binary classification from positive and unlabeled data (PU classification) with a selection bias in the positive data. During the observation process, (i) a sample is exposed to a user, (ii) the user then returns the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Masahiro Kato , Shuting Wu , Kodai Kureishi , Shota Yasui

Positive Unlabeled (PU) learning is widely used in many applications, where a binary classifier is trained on the datasets consisting of only positive and unlabeled samples. In this paper, we improve PU learning over state-of-the-art from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Liwei Jiang , Dan Li , Qisheng Wang , Shuai Wang , Songtao Wang

The problem of learning from positive and unlabeled data (A.K.A. PU learning) has been studied in a binary (i.e., positive versus negative) classification setting, where the input data consist of (1) observations from the positive class and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Omar Zamzam , Haleh Akrami , Richard Leahy

As with other deep learning methods, label quality is important for learning modern convolutional object detectors. However, the potentially large number and wide diversity of object instances that can be found in complex image scenes makes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Yuewei Yang , Kevin J Liang , Lawrence Carin

Planning for a wide range of real-world tasks necessitates to know and write all constraints. However, instances exist where these constraints are either unknown or challenging to specify accurately. A possible solution is to infer the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Baiyu Peng , Aude Billard

We propose a new method of learning from positive and unlabeled (PU) examples in highly imbalanced datasets. Many real-world problems, such as disease gene identification, targeted marketing, fraud detection, and recommender systems, are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Elias Zavitsanos , Georgios Paliouras

Learning from positive and unlabeled data or PU learning is the setting where a learner only has access to positive examples and unlabeled data. The assumption is that the unlabeled data can contain both positive and negative examples. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Jessa Bekker , Jesse Davis

Learning binary classifiers only from positive and unlabeled (PU) data is an important and challenging task in many real-world applications, including web text classification, disease gene identification and fraud detection, where negative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Hui Chen , Fangqing Liu , Yin Wang , Liyue Zhao , Hao Wu

PU learning refers to the classification problem in which only part of positive samples are labeled. Existing PU learning methods treat unlabeled samples equally. However, in many real tasks, from common sense or domain knowledge, some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Puning Zhao , Jintao Deng , Xu Cheng

The positive-unlabeled (PU) classification is a common scenario in real-world applications such as healthcare, text classification, and bioinformatics, in which we only observe a few samples labeled as "positive" together with a large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Ke Ren , Haichuan Yang , Yu Zhao , Mingshan Xue , Hongyu Miao , Shuai Huang , Ji Liu

The Document Set Expansion (DSE) task involves identifying relevant documents from large collections based on a limited set of example documents. Previous research has highlighted Positive and Unlabeled (PU) learning as a promising approach…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Haiyang Zhang , Qiuyi Chen , Yuanjie Zou , Yushan Pan , Jia Wang , Mark Stevenson

We consider the problem of learning a binary classifier from only positive and unlabeled observations (called PU learning). Recent studies in PU learning have shown superior performance theoretically and empirically. However, most existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-21 Yongchan Kwon , Wonyoung Kim , Masashi Sugiyama , Myunghee Cho Paik

When learning from positive and unlabelled data, it is a strong assumption that the positive observations are randomly sampled from the distribution of $X$ conditional on $Y = 1$, where X stands for the feature and Y the label. Most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Fengxiang He , Tongliang Liu , Geoffrey I Webb , Dacheng Tao

In the early history of positive-unlabeled (PU) learning, the sample selection approach, which heuristically selects negative (N) data from U data, was explored extensively. However, this approach was later dominated by the importance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Miao Xu , Bingcong Li , Gang Niu , Bo Han , Masashi Sugiyama

Positive-unlabeled learning (PU learning) is known as a special case of semi-supervised binary classification where only a fraction of positive examples are labeled. The challenge is then to find the correct classifier despite this lack of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Olivier Coudray , Christine Keribin , Pascal Massart , Patrick Pamphile

Positive unlabeled learning is a binary classification problem with positive and unlabeled data. It is common in domains where negative labels are costly or impossible to obtain, e.g., medicine and personalized advertising. Most approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Bojan Žunkovič

We present a novel approach to learn binary classifiers when only positive and unlabeled instances are available (PU learning). This problem is routinely cast as a supervised task with label noise in the negative set. We use an ensemble of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-02-13 Marc Claesen , Frank De Smet , Johan A. K. Suykens , Bart De Moor

We consider the problem of anomaly detection with a small set of partially labeled anomaly examples and a large-scale unlabeled dataset. This is a common scenario in many important applications. Existing related methods either exclusively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Guansong Pang , Anton van den Hengel , Chunhua Shen , Longbing Cao

Complementary-label learning is a weakly supervised learning problem in which each training example is associated with one or multiple complementary labels indicating the classes to which it does not belong. Existing consistent approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Wei Wang , Takashi Ishida , Yu-Jie Zhang , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama