Related papers: First-order formalism for Alice string
We consider first order symmetry operators for the equations of motion of differential $p$-form fields in general $D$-dimensional background geometry of any signature for both massless and massive cases. For $p=1$ and $p=2$ we give the…
We present a formalism for the calculation of multi-particle one-loop amplitudes, valid for an arbitrary number N of external legs, and for massive as well as massless particles. A new method for the tensor reduction is suggested which…
This paper discusses the method of formative rules for first-order term rewriting, which was previously defined for a higher-order setting. Dual to the well-known usable rules, formative rules allow dropping some of the term constraints…
The BV formalism is a well-established method for analyzing symmetries and quantization of field theories. In this paper we use the BV formalism to derive partition functions of gauge invariant operators up to equations of motions and their…
In this paper, we propose a generalization of an improved gauge unfixing formalism in order to generate gauge symmetries in the non-Abelian valued systems. This generalization displays a proper and formal reformulation of second-class…
A general field-antifield BV formalism for antisymplectic first class constraints is proposed. It is as general as the corresponding symplectic BFV-BRST formulation and it is demonstrated to be consistent with a previously proposed…
We formulate the finite temperature theory for the free thermal excitations of the bosonic string in the anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime in the Thermo Field Dynamics (TFD) approach. The spacetime metric is treated exactly while the string…
The Dirac constraint formalism is applied to the d(d>2) dimensional Einstein-Hilbert action when written in first order form, using the metric density and affine connection as independent fields. Field equations not involving time…
We show that the BPS property is a generic feature of field theories in (1+1) dimensions, which does not put any restriction on the action. Here, by BPS solutions we understand static solutions which i) obey a lower-order Bogomolny-type…
The first-order theory of a string automatic structure is known to be decidable, but there are examples of string automatic structures with nonelementary first-order theories. We prove that the first-order theory of a string automatic…
We provide a novel computer-assisted technique for systematically analyzing first-order methods for optimization. In contrast with previous works, the approach is particularly suited for handling sublinear convergence rates and stochastic…
We analyse systems described by first order actions using the Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) formalism for singular systems. In this study we verify that generalized brackets appear in a natural way in HJ approach, showing us the existence of a…
The background gauge renormalization of the first order formulation of the Yang-Mills theory is studied by using the BRST identities. Together with the background symmetry, these identities allow for an iterative proof of renormalizability…
f(R)-type gravity in the first order formalism is interpreted as Einstein gravity with non-minimal coupling arising from the use of unphysical frame. Identification of the corresponding second order higher-curvature gravity in the physical…
We show how the space spinor formalism for 2-component spinors can be used to construct estimates for spinor fields satisfying first order equations. We discuss the connection of the approach presented in this article with other strategies…
We prove that there is a first-order sentence in the language of rings that is true for all finitely generated fields of characteristic 0 and false for all fields of characteristic >0. We also prove that for each n in N, there is a…
We determine the complete spacetime action to first order in $\alpha'$ for the massless fields of bosonic string theory compactified on a $d$-dimensional torus. A fully systematic procedure is developed that brings the action into a minimal…
The main idea of the first order formalism is demonstrated on a toy example of spin-0 particle. The full formalism for spin-1 is applied to the vector formfactor of the pion and its high-energy behaviour is studied.
We introduce two simple models which feature an Alice electrodynamics phase. In a well defined sense the Alice flux solutions we obtain in these models obey first order equations similar to those of the Nielsen-Olesen fluxtube in the…
We investigate the following problem: given a sample of classified strings, find a first-order sentence of minimal quantifier rank that is consistent with the sample. We represent strings as successor string structures, that is, finite…