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Large language models (LLMs) provide detailed and impressive responses to queries in English. However, are they really consistent at responding to the same query in other languages? The popular way of evaluating for multilingual performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ashim Gupta , Maitrey Mehta , Zhichao Xu , Vivek Srikumar

The breakthrough of generative large language models (LLMs) that can solve different tasks through chat interaction has led to a significant increase in the use of general benchmarks to assess the quality or performance of these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Fabio Barth , Georg Rehm

This study introduces a hypothesis-testing framework to assess whether large language models (LLMs) possess genuine reasoning abilities or primarily depend on token bias. We go beyond evaluating LLMs on accuracy; rather, we aim to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Bowen Jiang , Yangxinyu Xie , Zhuoqun Hao , Xiaomeng Wang , Tanwi Mallick , Weijie J. Su , Camillo J. Taylor , Dan Roth

Language Models (LMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in solving complex reasoning tasks, particularly when prompted to generate intermediate explanations. However, it remains an open question whether these intermediate reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Moritz Miller , Kumar Shridhar

Language models demonstrate both quantitative improvement and new qualitative capabilities with increasing scale. Despite their potentially transformative impact, these new capabilities are as yet poorly characterized. In order to inform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Aarohi Srivastava , Abhinav Rastogi , Abhishek Rao , Abu Awal Md Shoeb , Abubakar Abid , Adam Fisch , Adam R. Brown , Adam Santoro , Aditya Gupta , Adrià Garriga-Alonso , Agnieszka Kluska , Aitor Lewkowycz , Akshat Agarwal , Alethea Power , Alex Ray , Alex Warstadt , Alexander W. Kocurek , Ali Safaya , Ali Tazarv , Alice Xiang , Alicia Parrish , Allen Nie , Aman Hussain , Amanda Askell , Amanda Dsouza , Ambrose Slone , Ameet Rahane , Anantharaman S. Iyer , Anders Andreassen , Andrea Madotto , Andrea Santilli , Andreas Stuhlmüller , Andrew Dai , Andrew La , Andrew Lampinen , Andy Zou , Angela Jiang , Angelica Chen , Anh Vuong , Animesh Gupta , Anna Gottardi , Antonio Norelli , Anu Venkatesh , Arash Gholamidavoodi , Arfa Tabassum , Arul Menezes , Arun Kirubarajan , Asher Mullokandov , Ashish Sabharwal , Austin Herrick , Avia Efrat , Aykut Erdem , Ayla Karakaş , B. Ryan Roberts , Bao Sheng Loe , Barret Zoph , Bartłomiej Bojanowski , Batuhan Özyurt , Behnam Hedayatnia , Behnam Neyshabur , Benjamin Inden , Benno Stein , Berk Ekmekci , Bill Yuchen Lin , Blake Howald , Bryan Orinion , Cameron Diao , Cameron Dour , Catherine Stinson , Cedrick Argueta , César Ferri Ramírez , Chandan Singh , Charles Rathkopf , Chenlin Meng , Chitta Baral , Chiyu Wu , Chris Callison-Burch , Chris Waites , Christian Voigt , Christopher D. Manning , Christopher Potts , Cindy Ramirez , Clara E. Rivera , Clemencia Siro , Colin Raffel , Courtney Ashcraft , Cristina Garbacea , Damien Sileo , Dan Garrette , Dan Hendrycks , Dan Kilman , Dan Roth , Daniel Freeman , Daniel Khashabi , Daniel Levy , Daniel Moseguí González , Danielle Perszyk , Danny Hernandez , Danqi Chen , Daphne Ippolito , Dar Gilboa , David Dohan , David Drakard , David Jurgens , Debajyoti Datta , Deep Ganguli , Denis Emelin , Denis Kleyko , Deniz Yuret , Derek Chen , Derek Tam , Dieuwke Hupkes , Diganta Misra , Dilyar Buzan , Dimitri Coelho Mollo , Diyi Yang , Dong-Ho Lee , Dylan Schrader , Ekaterina Shutova , Ekin Dogus Cubuk , Elad Segal , Eleanor Hagerman , Elizabeth Barnes , Elizabeth Donoway , Ellie Pavlick , Emanuele Rodola , Emma Lam , Eric Chu , Eric Tang , Erkut Erdem , Ernie Chang , Ethan A. Chi , Ethan Dyer , Ethan Jerzak , Ethan Kim , Eunice Engefu Manyasi , Evgenii Zheltonozhskii , Fanyue Xia , Fatemeh Siar , Fernando Martínez-Plumed , Francesca Happé , Francois Chollet , Frieda Rong , Gaurav Mishra , Genta Indra Winata , Gerard de Melo , Germán Kruszewski , Giambattista Parascandolo , Giorgio Mariani , Gloria Wang , Gonzalo Jaimovitch-López , Gregor Betz , Guy Gur-Ari , Hana Galijasevic , Hannah Kim , Hannah Rashkin , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Harsh Mehta , Hayden Bogar , Henry Shevlin , Hinrich Schütze , Hiromu Yakura , Hongming Zhang , Hugh Mee Wong , Ian Ng , Isaac Noble , Jaap Jumelet , Jack Geissinger , Jackson Kernion , Jacob Hilton , Jaehoon Lee , Jaime Fernández Fisac , James B. Simon , James Koppel , James Zheng , James Zou , Jan Kocoń , Jana Thompson , Janelle Wingfield , Jared Kaplan , Jarema Radom , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein , Jason Phang , Jason Wei , Jason Yosinski , Jekaterina Novikova , Jelle Bosscher , Jennifer Marsh , Jeremy Kim , Jeroen Taal , Jesse Engel , Jesujoba Alabi , Jiacheng Xu , Jiaming Song , Jillian Tang , Joan Waweru , John Burden , John Miller , John U. Balis , Jonathan Batchelder , Jonathan Berant , Jörg Frohberg , Jos Rozen , Jose Hernandez-Orallo , Joseph Boudeman , Joseph Guerr , Joseph Jones , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Joshua S. Rule , Joyce Chua , Kamil Kanclerz , Karen Livescu , Karl Krauth , Karthik Gopalakrishnan , Katerina Ignatyeva , Katja Markert , Kaustubh D. Dhole , Kevin Gimpel , Kevin Omondi , Kory Mathewson , Kristen Chiafullo , Ksenia Shkaruta , Kumar Shridhar , Kyle McDonell , Kyle Richardson , Laria Reynolds , Leo Gao , Li Zhang , Liam Dugan , Lianhui Qin , Lidia Contreras-Ochando , Louis-Philippe Morency , Luca Moschella , Lucas Lam , Lucy Noble , Ludwig Schmidt , Luheng He , Luis Oliveros Colón , Luke Metz , Lütfi Kerem Şenel , Maarten Bosma , Maarten Sap , Maartje ter Hoeve , Maheen Farooqi , Manaal Faruqui , Mantas Mazeika , Marco Baturan , Marco Marelli , Marco Maru , Maria Jose Ramírez Quintana , Marie Tolkiehn , Mario Giulianelli , Martha Lewis , Martin Potthast , Matthew L. Leavitt , Matthias Hagen , Mátyás Schubert , Medina Orduna Baitemirova , Melody Arnaud , Melvin McElrath , Michael A. Yee , Michael Cohen , Michael Gu , Michael Ivanitskiy , Michael Starritt , Michael Strube , Michał Swędrowski , Michele Bevilacqua , Michihiro Yasunaga , Mihir Kale , Mike Cain , Mimee Xu , Mirac Suzgun , Mitch Walker , Mo Tiwari , Mohit Bansal , Moin Aminnaseri , Mor Geva , Mozhdeh Gheini , Mukund Varma T , Nanyun Peng , Nathan A. Chi , Nayeon Lee , Neta Gur-Ari Krakover , Nicholas Cameron , Nicholas Roberts , Nick Doiron , Nicole Martinez , Nikita Nangia , Niklas Deckers , Niklas Muennighoff , Nitish Shirish Keskar , Niveditha S. Iyer , Noah Constant , Noah Fiedel , Nuan Wen , Oliver Zhang , Omar Agha , Omar Elbaghdadi , Omer Levy , Owain Evans , Pablo Antonio Moreno Casares , Parth Doshi , Pascale Fung , Paul Pu Liang , Paul Vicol , Pegah Alipoormolabashi , Peiyuan Liao , Percy Liang , Peter Chang , Peter Eckersley , Phu Mon Htut , Pinyu Hwang , Piotr Miłkowski , Piyush Patil , Pouya Pezeshkpour , Priti Oli , Qiaozhu Mei , Qing Lyu , Qinlang Chen , Rabin Banjade , Rachel Etta Rudolph , Raefer Gabriel , Rahel Habacker , Ramon Risco , Raphaël Millière , Rhythm Garg , Richard Barnes , Rif A. Saurous , Riku Arakawa , Robbe Raymaekers , Robert Frank , Rohan Sikand , Roman Novak , Roman Sitelew , Ronan LeBras , Rosanne Liu , Rowan Jacobs , Rui Zhang , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Ryan Chi , Ryan Lee , Ryan Stovall , Ryan Teehan , Rylan Yang , Sahib Singh , Saif M. Mohammad , Sajant Anand , Sam Dillavou , Sam Shleifer , Sam Wiseman , Samuel Gruetter , Samuel R. Bowman , Samuel S. Schoenholz , Sanghyun Han , Sanjeev Kwatra , Sarah A. Rous , Sarik Ghazarian , Sayan Ghosh , Sean Casey , Sebastian Bischoff , Sebastian Gehrmann , Sebastian Schuster , Sepideh Sadeghi , Shadi Hamdan , Sharon Zhou , Shashank Srivastava , Sherry Shi , Shikhar Singh , Shima Asaadi , Shixiang Shane Gu , Shubh Pachchigar , Shubham Toshniwal , Shyam Upadhyay , Shyamolima , Debnath , Siamak Shakeri , Simon Thormeyer , Simone Melzi , Siva Reddy , Sneha Priscilla Makini , Soo-Hwan Lee , Spencer Torene , Sriharsha Hatwar , Stanislas Dehaene , Stefan Divic , Stefano Ermon , Stella Biderman , Stephanie Lin , Stephen Prasad , Steven T. Piantadosi , Stuart M. Shieber , Summer Misherghi , Svetlana Kiritchenko , Swaroop Mishra , Tal Linzen , Tal Schuster , Tao Li , Tao Yu , Tariq Ali , Tatsu Hashimoto , Te-Lin Wu , Théo Desbordes , Theodore Rothschild , Thomas Phan , Tianle Wang , Tiberius Nkinyili , Timo Schick , Timofei Kornev , Titus Tunduny , Tobias Gerstenberg , Trenton Chang , Trishala Neeraj , Tushar Khot , Tyler Shultz , Uri Shaham , Vedant Misra , Vera Demberg , Victoria Nyamai , Vikas Raunak , Vinay Ramasesh , Vinay Uday Prabhu , Vishakh Padmakumar , Vivek Srikumar , William Fedus , William Saunders , William Zhang , Wout Vossen , Xiang Ren , Xiaoyu Tong , Xinran Zhao , Xinyi Wu , Xudong Shen , Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh , Yair Lakretz , Yangqiu Song , Yasaman Bahri , Yejin Choi , Yichi Yang , Yiding Hao , Yifu Chen , Yonatan Belinkov , Yu Hou , Yufang Hou , Yuntao Bai , Zachary Seid , Zhuoye Zhao , Zijian Wang , Zijie J. Wang , Zirui Wang , Ziyi Wu

Speech Language Models (SLMs) aim to learn language from raw audio, without textual resources. Despite significant advances, our current models exhibit weak syntax and semantic abilities. However, if the scaling properties of neural…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-13 Santiago Cuervo , Ricard Marxer

The recent surge of generative AI has been fueled by the generative power of diffusion probabilistic models and the scalable capabilities of large language models. Despite their potential, it remains elusive whether diffusion language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jiasheng Ye , Zaixiang Zheng , Yu Bao , Lihua Qian , Quanquan Gu

We define general linguistic intelligence as the ability to reuse previously acquired knowledge about a language's lexicon, syntax, semantics, and pragmatic conventions to adapt to new tasks quickly. Using this definition, we analyze…

Recent generative large language models (LLMs) show remarkable performance in non-English languages, but when prompted in those languages they tend to express higher harmful social biases and toxicity levels. Prior work has shown that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Vera Neplenbroek , Arianna Bisazza , Raquel Fernández

There is an ongoing debate on whether neural networks can grasp the quasi-regularities in languages like humans. In a typical quasi-regularity task, English past tense inflections, the neural network model has long been criticized that it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Xiaomeng Ma , Lingyu Gao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a broad spectrum of tasks. They have attracted significant attention and been deployed in numerous downstream applications. Nevertheless, akin to a double-edged…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Zishan Guo , Renren Jin , Chuang Liu , Yufei Huang , Dan Shi , Supryadi , Linhao Yu , Yan Liu , Jiaxuan Li , Bojian Xiong , Deyi Xiong

Connecting text and visual modalities plays an essential role in generative intelligence. For this reason, inspired by the success of large language models, significant research efforts are being devoted to the development of Multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Davide Caffagni , Federico Cocchi , Luca Barsellotti , Nicholas Moratelli , Sara Sarto , Lorenzo Baraldi , Lorenzo Baraldi , Marcella Cornia , Rita Cucchiara

The current fascination with large language models, or LLMs, derives from the fact that many users lack the expertise to evaluate the quality of the generated text. LLMs may therefore appear more capable than they actually are. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Eliza Mik

Pretrained language models demonstrate strong performance in most NLP tasks when fine-tuned on small task-specific datasets. Hence, these autoregressive models constitute ideal agents to operate in text-based environments where language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Vincent Micheli , François Fleuret

Large language models exhibit impressive cross-lingual capabilities. However, prior work analyzes this phenomenon through isolated factors and at sparse points during training, limiting our understanding of how cross-lingual generalization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Felicia Körner , Maria Matveev , Florian Eichin , Gitta Kutyniok , Barbara Plank , Michael A. Hedderich

Human-like personality traits have recently been discovered in large language models, raising the hypothesis that their (known and as yet undiscovered) biases conform with human latent psychological constructs. While large conversational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Maor Reuben , Ortal Slobodin , Aviad Elyshar , Idan-Chaim Cohen , Orna Braun-Lewensohn , Odeya Cohen , Rami Puzis

The surprising ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform well on complex reasoning with only few-shot chain-of-thought prompts is believed to emerge only in very large-scale models (100+ billion parameters). We show that such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Yao Fu , Hao Peng , Litu Ou , Ashish Sabharwal , Tushar Khot

We are exposed to much information trying to influence us, such as teaser messages, debates, politically framed news, and propaganda - all of which use persuasive language. With the recent interest in Large Language Models (LLMs), we study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Amalie Brogaard Pauli , Isabelle Augenstein , Ira Assent

Coaxing out desired behavior from pretrained models, while avoiding undesirable ones, has redefined NLP and is reshaping how we interact with computers. What was once a scientific engineering discipline-in which building blocks are stacked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Ari Holtzman , Peter West , Luke Zettlemoyer

As large language models (LLMs) advance in their linguistic capacity, understanding how they capture aspects of language competence remains a significant challenge. This study therefore employs psycholinguistic paradigms in English, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Xufeng Duan , Xinyu Zhou , Bei Xiao , Zhenguang G. Cai