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Semi-supervised learning (SSL) can reduce the need for large labelled datasets by incorporating unlabelled data into the training. This is particularly interesting for semantic segmentation, where labelling data is very costly and…

Labelling point clouds fully is highly time-consuming and costly. As larger point cloud datasets with billions of points become more common, we ask whether the full annotation is even necessary, demonstrating that existing baselines…

In a fully autonomous driving framework, where vehicles operate without human intervention, information sharing plays a fundamental role. In this context, new network solutions have to be designed to handle the large volumes of data…

A significant bottleneck in training deep networks for part segmentation is the cost of obtaining detailed annotations. We propose a framework to exploit coarse labels such as figure-ground masks and keypoint locations that are readily…

3D object detection is essential for autonomous driving and robotic perception, yet its reliance on large-scale manually annotated data limits scalability and adaptability. To reduce annotation dependency, unsupervised and…

Semi-supervised 3D medical image segmentation aims to achieve accurate segmentation using few labelled data and numerous unlabelled data. The main challenge in the design of semi-supervised learning methods consists in the effective use of…

LiDAR odometry estimation and 3D semantic segmentation are crucial for autonomous driving, which has achieved remarkable advances recently. However, these tasks are challenging due to the imbalance of points in different semantic categories…

Road segmentation is a critical task for autonomous driving systems, requiring accurate and robust methods to classify road surfaces from various environmental data. Our work introduces an innovative approach that integrates LiDAR point…

The costly and time-consuming annotation process to produce large training sets for modelling semantic LiDAR segmentation methods has motivated the development of semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods. However, such SSL approaches often…

Semi-supervised medical image segmentation has gained growing interest due to its ability to utilize unannotated data. The current state-of-the-art methods mostly rely on pseudo-labeling within a co-training framework. These methods depend…

As camera and LiDAR sensors capture complementary information used in autonomous driving, great efforts have been made to develop semantic segmentation algorithms through multi-modality data fusion. However, fusion-based approaches require…

To extract information at scale, researchers increasingly apply semantic segmentation techniques to remotely-sensed imagery. While fully-supervised learning enables accurate pixel-wise segmentation, compiling the exhaustive datasets…

Semi-supervised 3D object detection (SS3DOD) aims to reduce costly 3D annotations utilizing unlabeled data. Recent studies adopt pseudo-label-based teacher-student frameworks and demonstrate impressive performance. The main challenge of…

Semantic segmentation has emerged as a pivotal area of study in computer vision, offering profound implications for scene understanding and elevating human-machine interactions across various domains. While 2D semantic segmentation has…

3D semantic scene understanding is essential for digital twins, autonomous driving, smart agriculture, and embodied perception, yet dense point-wise annotation for point clouds remains expensive and difficult to scale. Existing…

Data-driven fault detection has been regarded as a 3D image segmentation task. The models trained from synthetic data are difficult to generalize in some surveys. Recently, training 3D fault segmentation using sparse manual 2D slices is…

Although semi-dense Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) has been becoming more popular over the last few years, there is a lack of efficient methods for representing and processing their large scale point clouds. In this paper, we…

Despite the availability of large datasets for tasks like image classification and image-text alignment, labeled data for more complex recognition tasks, such as detection and segmentation, is less abundant. In particular, for instance…

3D semantic scene labeling is a fundamental task for Autonomous Driving. Recent work shows the capability of Deep Neural Networks in labeling 3D point sets provided by sensors like LiDAR, and Radar. Imbalanced distribution of classes in the…

Single-frame Infrared Small Target Detection (ISTD) aims to localize weak targets under heavy background clutter, yet dense pixel-wise annotations are expensive. Point supervision with online label evolution reduces annotation cost;…