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The paper presents Tendermint, a new protocol for ordering events in a distributed network under adversarial conditions. More commonly known as Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus or atomic broadcast, the problem has attracted…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Ethan Buchman , Jae Kwon , Zarko Milosevic

This work introduces a novel approach for the governance of a blockchain containing social constructs and technical viability for widescale applications for the next generation of distributed ledgers. Functional requirements for this new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Christopher Gorog , Terrance E. Boult

Traditional Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) state machine replication protocols assume a partial synchrony model, leading to a design where a leader replica drives the protocol and is replaced after a timeout. Recently, we witnessed a surge…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Diogo S. Antunes , Afonso N. Oliveira , André Breda , Matheus Guilherme Franco , Henrique Moniz , Rodrigo Rodrigues

A critical component of any blockchain or distributed ledger technology (DLT) platform is the consensus algorithm. Blockchain consensus algorithms are the primary vehicle for the nodes within a blockchain network to reach an agreement. In…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Shiv Sondhi , Sherif Saad , Kevin Shi , Mohammad Mamun , Issa Traore

Low latency is one of the most desirable features of partially synchronous Byzantine consensus protocols. Existing low-latency protocols have achieved consensus with just two communication steps by reducing the maximum number of faults the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Mohammad M. Jalalzai , Chen Feng , Victoria Lemieux

Since the inception of Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies and the underlying blockchain technology have attracted an increasing interest from both academia and industry. Among various core components, consensus protocol is the defining technology…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Yang Xiao , Ning Zhang , Wenjing Lou , Y. Thomas Hou

Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols for dynamically available systems face a critical challenge: balancing latency and security in fluctuating node participation. Existing solutions often require multiple rounds of voting per…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Pengkun Ren , Hai Dong , Zahir Tari , Pengcheng Zhang

The most essential component of every Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is the Consensus Algorithm (CA), which enables users to reach a consensus in a decentralized and distributed manner. Numerous CA exist, but their viability for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Ahmad J. Alkhodair , Saraju P. Mohanty , Elias Kougianos

Modern high-throughput BFT consensus protocols use streamlined push-pull mechanisms to disseminate blocks and keep happy-path performance optimal. Yet state-of-the-art designs lack a principled and efficient way to exchange blocks, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Tasos Kichidis , Lefteris Kokoris-Kogias , Arun Koshy , Ilya Sergey , Alberto Sonnino , Mingwei Tian , Jianting Zhang

This thesis proposes techniques aiming to make blockchain technologies and smart contract platforms practical by improving their scalability, latency, and privacy. This thesis starts by presenting the design and implementation of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Alberto Sonnino

Blockchain technologies are facing a scalability challenge, which must be overcome to guarantee a wider adoption of the technology. This scalability issue is due to the use of consensus algorithms to guarantee the total order of the chain…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Margarita Capretto , Martín Ceresa , Antonio Fernández Anta , Antonio Russo , César Sánchez

The security foundation of blockchain system relies primarily on classical cryptographic methods and consensus algorithms. However, the advent of quantum computing poses a significant threat to conventional public-key cryptosystems based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Fei Xu , Cheng Ye , Jie OuYang , Ziqiang Wu , Haoze Chen , An Hua , Meifeng Gao , Qiandong Zhang , Minghan Li , Feilong Li , Yajun Miao , Wei Qi

The rapid evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) environments has created an urgent need for secure and trustworthy distributed computing systems, particularly when dealing with heterogeneous devices and applications where centralized trust…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Murtaza Rangwala , Rajkumar Buyya

Existing Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) protocols face significant challenges in the consortium blockchain scenario. On the one hand, we can make little assumptions about the reliability and security of the underlying Internet. On the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Peilun Li , Guosai Wang , Xiaoqi Chen , Wei Xu

Recently, the blockchain technique was put in the spotlight as it introduced a systematic approach for multiple parties to reach consensus without needing trust. However, the application of this technique in practice is severely restricted…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-07-17 Zhijie Ren , Kelong Cong , Johan Pouwelse , Zekeriya Erkin

Blockchain consensus is a state whereby each node in a network agrees on the current state of the blockchain. Existing protocols achieve consensus via a contest or voting procedure to select one node as a dictator to propose new blocks.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-06-22 Joshua S. Gans , Richard Holden

Blockchain and other forms of distributed ledger technology (DLT) provide an opportunity to integrate digital information, management, and contracts to increase trust and collaboration within the construction industry. DLT enables direct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Jens J. Hunhevicz , Daniel M. Hall

Distributed Software Defined Networking (SDN) controllers aim to solve the issue of single-point-of-failure and improve the scalability of the control plane. Byzantine and faulty controllers, however, may enforce incorrect configurations…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-02-25 Ermin Sakic , Wolfgang Kellerer

Bitcoin's global success has led to the rise of blockchain, but many systems labeled as "blockchain" deviate from its core principles, adding complexity to the ecosystem. This survey addresses the need for a comprehensive review and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Badr Bellaj , Aafaf Ouaddah , Noel Crespi , Abdelatif Mezrioui , Emmanuel Bertin

We present Blizzard, a Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) distributed ledger protocol that is aimed at making mobile devices first-class citizens in the consensus process. Blizzard introduces a novel two-tier architecture by having the mobile…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-07 Mehrdad Kiamari , Bhaskar Krishnamachari , Muhammad Naveed , Seokgu Yun