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Deep reinforcement learning algorithms have recently been used to train multiple interacting agents in a centralised manner whilst keeping their execution decentralised. When the agents can only acquire partial observations and are faced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Emanuele Pesce , Giovanni Montana

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) requires agents to discover joint strategies in a combinatorially large state-action space, yet effective coordination configurations are exceedingly rare. Intrinsic motivation, which…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Dahyun Oh , Minhyuk Yoon , H. Jin Kim

The use of skills (a.k.a., options) can greatly accelerate exploration in reinforcement learning, especially when only sparse reward signals are available. While option discovery methods have been proposed for individual agents, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Jiayu Chen , Marina Haliem , Tian Lan , Vaneet Aggarwal

Multi-agent debate (MAD) systems leverage collective intelligence to enhance reasoning capabilities, yet existing approaches struggle to simultaneously optimize accuracy, consensus formation, and computational efficiency. Static topology…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Chao Wang , Han Lin , Huaze Tang , Huijing Lin , Wenbo Ding

Existing communication methods for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in cooperative multi-robot problems are almost exclusively task-specific, training new communication strategies for each unique task. We address this inefficiency…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Dulhan Jayalath , Steven Morad , Amanda Prorok

Centralized Training with Decentralized Execution (CTDE) has recently emerged as a popular framework for cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), where agents can use additional global state information to guide training in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Yihe Zhou , Shunyu Liu , Yunpeng Qing , Kaixuan Chen , Tongya Zheng , Jie Song , Mingli Song

Much work has been dedicated to the exploration of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) paradigms implementing a centralized learning with decentralized execution (CLDE) approach to achieve human-like collaboration in cooperative…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Piyush K. Sharma , Rolando Fernandez , Erin Zaroukian , Michael Dorothy , Anjon Basak , Derrik E. Asher

We propose a targeted communication architecture for multi-agent reinforcement learning, where agents learn both what messages to send and whom to address them to while performing cooperative tasks in partially-observable environments. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Abhishek Das , Théophile Gervet , Joshua Romoff , Dhruv Batra , Devi Parikh , Michael Rabbat , Joelle Pineau

Information theoretic sensor management approaches are an ideal solution to state estimation problems when considering the optimal control of multi-agent systems, however they are too computationally intensive for large state spaces,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-02-02 William A. Dawson , Ruben Glatt , Edward Rusu , Braden C. Soper , Ryan A. Goldhahn

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has accelerated the transition from conversational chatbots to general agents. However, effectively balancing empathetic communication with budget-aware decision-making remains an open…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Ning Gao , Wei Zhang , Yuqin Dai , Ling Shi , Ziyin Wang , Yujie Wang , Wei He , Jinpeng Wang , Chaozheng Wang

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has long been a significant and everlasting research topic in both machine learning and control. With the recent development of (single-agent) deep RL, there is a resurgence of interests in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Kaiqing Zhang , Zhuoran Yang , Tamer Başar

We discuss the problem of decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in this work. In our setting, the global state, action, and reward are assumed to be fully observable, while the local policy is protected as privacy by each…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Kuo Li , Qing-Shan Jia

Communication is an effective mechanism for coordinating the behaviors of multiple agents, broadening their views of the environment, and to support their collaborations. In the field of multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL),…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Changxi Zhu , Mehdi Dastani , Shihan Wang

For communication to happen successfully, a common language is required between agents to understand information communicated by one another. Inducing the emergence of a common language has been a difficult challenge to multi-agent learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Yat Long Lo , Biswa Sengupta

We consider the issue of multiple agents learning to communicate through reinforcement learning within partially observable environments, with a focus on information asymmetry in the second part of our work. We provide a review of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Mohamed Salah Zaïem , Etienne Bennequin

Effective communication protocols in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) are critical to fostering cooperation and enhancing team performance. To leverage communication, many previous works have proposed to compress local information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Xinran Li , Jun Zhang

Distributed Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) integrated with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has emerged as a prominent research focus, enabling real-time cooperative decision-making in partially observable environments through…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Guotao Li , Shaoyun Xu , Yuexing Hao , Yang Wang , Yuhui Sun

Open large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of natural language processing, showcasing impressive performance across various tasks.Despite the significant advancements in LLMs, their effective operation still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Xuechen Liang , Yangfan He , Meiling Tao , Yinghui Xia , Jianhui Wang , Tianyu Shi , Jun Wang , JingSong Yang

Multi-agent systems (MAS) solve complex problems through coordinated autonomous entities with individual decision-making capabilities. While Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) enables these agents to learn intelligent strategies, it…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Xinren Zhang , Sixi Cheng , Zixin Zhong , Jiadong Yu

Explicit communication among humans is key to coordinating and learning. Social learning, which uses cues from experts, can greatly benefit from the usage of explicit communication to align heterogeneous policies, reduce sample complexity,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Seth Karten , Siva Kailas , Huao Li , Katia Sycara