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Federated learning (FL) allows multiple clients to collaboratively train a deep learning model. One major challenge of FL is when data distribution is heterogeneous, i.e., differs from one client to another. Existing personalized FL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Haolin Yuan , Bo Hui , Yuchen Yang , Philippe Burlina , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Yinzhi Cao

Federated Split Learning (FSL) is a promising distributed learning paradigm in practice, which gathers the strengths of both Federated Learning (FL) and Split Learning (SL) paradigms, to ensure model privacy while diminishing the resource…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Yifan Shi , Yuhui Zhang , Ziyue Huang , Xiaofeng Yang , Li Shen , Wei Chen , Xueqian Wang

Federated Learning (FL) emerged as a learning method to enable the server to train models over data distributed among various clients. These clients are protective about their data being leaked to the server, any other client, or an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Uday Bhaskar , Varul Srivastava , Avyukta Manjunatha Vummintala , Naresh Manwani , Sujit Gujar

Conventional federated learning (FL) trains one global model for a federation of clients with decentralized data, reducing the privacy risk of centralized training. However, the distribution shift across non-IID datasets, often poses a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Jun Luo , Shandong Wu

Multimodal transformers integrate diverse data types like images, audio, and text, advancing tasks such as audio-visual understanding and image-text retrieval; yet their high parameterization limits deployment on resource-constrained edge…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Timo Fudala , Vasileios Tsouvalas , Nirvana Meratnia

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged to allow multiple clients to collaboratively train machine learning models on their private data at the network edge. However, training and deploying large-scale models on resource-constrained devices is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Yang Xu , Yunming Liao , Hongli Xu , Zhipeng Sun , Liusheng Huang , Chunming Qiao

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without centralizing client data, making it attractive for privacy-sensitive domains. While existing approaches employ cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Sahar Ghoflsaz Ghinani , Elaheh Sadredini

Federated learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning technique that enables multiple clients to collaboratively train models without requiring clients to reveal their raw data to each other. Although traditional FL trains a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Junki Mori , Tomoyuki Yoshiyama , Furukawa Ryo , Isamu Teranishi

Big data scenarios, where massive, heterogeneous datasets are distributed across clients, demand scalable, privacy-preserving learning methods. Federated learning (FL) enables decentralized training of machine learning (ML) models across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Obaidullah Zaland , Sajib Mistry , Monowar Bhuyan

Split learning (SL) is a collaborative learning framework, which can train an artificial intelligence (AI) model between a device and an edge server by splitting the AI model into a device-side model and a server-side model at a cut layer.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Wen Wu , Mushu Li , Kaige Qu , Conghao Zhou , Xuemin , Shen , Weihua Zhuang , Xu Li , Weisen Shi

With the prevalence of Large Learning Models (LLM), Split Federated Learning (SFL), which divides a learning model into server-side and client-side models, has emerged as an appealing technology to deal with the heavy computational burden…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Yipeng Liang , Qimei Chen , Guangxu Zhu , Muhammad Kaleem Awan , Hao Jiang

Federated Learning (FL) enables training ML models on edge clients without sharing data. However, the federated model's performance on local data varies, disincentivising the participation of clients who benefit little from FL. Fair FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Alex Iacob , Pedro P. B. Gusmão , Nicholas D. Lane

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a means of distributed learning using local data stored at clients with a coordinating server. Recent studies showed that FL can suffer from poor performance and slower convergence when training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Van Sy Mai , Richard J. La , Tao Zhang

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning approach involving multiple clients collaboratively training a shared model. Such a system has the advantage of more training data from multiple clients, but data can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Sone Kyaw Pye , Han Yu

Federated learning (FL), a popular decentralized and privacy-preserving machine learning (FL) framework, has received extensive research attention in recent years. The majority of existing works focus on supervised learning (SL) problems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Jieming Bian , Zhu Fu , Jie Xu

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to train models collaboratively without sharing local data, which has achieved promising results in different areas, including the Internet of Things (IoT). However, end IoT devices do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Jiaqi Wang , Shenglai Zeng , Zewei Long , Yaqing Wang , Houping Xiao , Fenglong Ma

Federated Learning (FL) is emerging as a popular, promising decentralized learning framework that enables collaborative training among clients, with no need to share private data between them or to a centralized server. However, considering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Yue Niu , Saurav Prakash , Souvik Kundu , Sunwoo Lee , Salman Avestimehr

Federated Learning (FL) often adopts differential privacy (DP) to protect client data, but the added noise required for privacy guarantees can substantially degrade model accuracy. To resolve this challenge, we propose model-splitting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yiwei Li , Shuai Wang , Zhuojun Tian , Xiuhua Wang , Shijian Su

Federated learning has recently gained popularity as a framework for distributed clients to collaboratively train a machine learning model using local data. While traditional federated learning relies on a central server for model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 I-Cheng Lin , Osman Yagan , Carlee Joe-Wong

Collaborative machine learning in sensitive domains demands scalable, privacy preserving solutions for enterprise deployment. Conventional Federated Learning (FL) relies on a central server, introducing single points of failure and privacy…