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We study to what extent may stochastic gradient descent (SGD) be understood as a "conventional" learning rule that achieves generalization performance by obtaining a good fit to training data. We consider the fundamental stochastic convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Tomer Koren , Roi Livni , Yishay Mansour , Uri Sherman

In this paper, we propose a simple variant of the original SVRG, called variance reduced stochastic gradient descent (VR-SGD). Unlike the choices of snapshot and starting points in SVRG and its proximal variant, Prox-SVRG, the two vectors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Fanhua Shang , Kaiwen Zhou , Hongying Liu , James Cheng , Ivor W. Tsang , Lijun Zhang , Dacheng Tao , Licheng Jiao

We introduce a clipping strategy for Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) which uses quantiles of the gradient norm as clipping thresholds. We prove that this new strategy provides a robust and efficient optimization algorithm for smooth…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-15 Ibrahim Merad , Stéphane Gaïffas

Stochastic gradient algorithms are the main focus of large-scale optimization problems and led to important successes in the recent advancement of the deep learning algorithms. The convergence of SGD depends on the careful choice of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-03 Caglar Gulcehre , Jose Sotelo , Marcin Moczulski , Yoshua Bengio

We study diffusion and consensus based optimization of a sum of unknown convex objective functions over distributed networks. The only access to these functions is through stochastic gradient oracles, each of which is only available at a…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2015-09-01 N. Denizcan Vanli , Muhammed O. Sayin , Suleyman S. Kozat

As an important Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (SGLD) algorithm has achieved great success in Bayesian learning and posterior sampling. However, SGLD typically suffers from slow convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Bao Wang , Difan Zou , Quanquan Gu , Stanley Osher

This paper analyzes the trajectories of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to help understand the algorithm's convergence properties in non-convex problems. We first show that the sequence of iterates generated by SGD remains bounded and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-22 Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Nadav Hallak , Ali Kavis , Volkan Cevher

Stochastic multi-objective optimization (SMOO) has recently emerged as a powerful framework for addressing machine learning problems with multiple objectives. The bias introduced by the nonlinearity of the subproblem solution mapping…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-10 Linxi Yang , Liping Tang , Jiahao Lv , Yuehong He , Xinmin Yang

We propose a novel approach to numerically approximate McKean-Vlasov stochastic differential equations (MV-SDE) using stochastic gradient descent (SGD) while avoiding the use of interacting particle systems (IPS) {and the associated…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-22 Ankush Agarwal , Andrea Amato , Goncalo dos Reis , Stefano Pagliarani

Stochastic Gradient Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (SGHMC) is a momentum version of stochastic gradient descent with properly injected Gaussian noise to find a global minimum. In this paper, non-asymptotic convergence analysis of SGHMC is given in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-26 Huy N. Chau , Miklos Rasonyi

Recent works have shown that high probability metrics with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) exhibit informativeness and in some cases advantage over the commonly adopted mean-square error-based ones. In this work we provide a formal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Dragana Bajovic , Dusan Jakovetic , Soummya Kar

Stream stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a simple and efficient method for solving online optimization problems in operations research (OR), where data is generated by parameter-dependent Markov chains. Unlike traditional approaches…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Xiang Li , Jiadong Liang , Xinyun Chen , Zhihua Zhang

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its variants are widely used and highly effective optimization methods in machine learning, especially for neural network training. By using a single datum or a small subset of the data, selected…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Bangti Jin , Zeljko Kereta , Yuxin Xia

Momentum Stochastic Gradient Descent (MSGD) algorithm has been widely applied to many nonconvex optimization problems in machine learning, e.g., training deep neural networks, variational Bayesian inference, and etc. Despite its empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Tianyi Liu , Zhehui Chen , Enlu Zhou , Tuo Zhao

We present a multilevel stochastic gradient descent method for the optimal control of systems governed by partial differential equations under uncertain input data. The gradient descent method used to find the optimal control leverages a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-04 Niklas Baumgarten , David Schneiderhan

This paper proposes an asymptotic theory for online inference of the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) iterates with dropout regularization in linear regression. Specifically, we establish the geometric-moment contraction (GMC) for constant…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-12 Jiaqi Li , Johannes Schmidt-Hieber , Wei Biao Wu

It is well-known that the reparameterisation gradient estimator, which exhibits low variance in practice, is biased for non-differentiable models. This may compromise correctness of gradient-based optimisation methods such as stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Dominik Wagner , Basim Khajwal , C. -H. Luke Ong

Sampling from a log-concave distribution function is one core problem that has wide applications in Bayesian statistics and machine learning. While most gradient free methods have slow convergence rate, the Langevin Monte Carlo (LMC) that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-23 Zhiyan Ding , Qin Li

When using stochastic gradient descent to solve large-scale machine learning problems, a common practice of data processing is to shuffle the training data, partition the data across multiple machines if needed, and then perform several…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-02 Qi Meng , Wei Chen , Yue Wang , Zhi-Ming Ma , Tie-Yan Liu

We aim to make stochastic gradient descent (SGD) adaptive to (i) the noise $\sigma^2$ in the stochastic gradients and (ii) problem-dependent constants. When minimizing smooth, strongly-convex functions with condition number $\kappa$, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Sharan Vaswani , Benjamin Dubois-Taine , Reza Babanezhad