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Reinforcement learning (RL) requires either manually specifying a reward function, which is often infeasible, or learning a reward model from a large amount of human feedback, which is often very expensive. We study a more sample-efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Juan Rocamonde , Victoriano Montesinos , Elvis Nava , Ethan Perez , David Lindner

Humans can quickly learn new behaviors by leveraging background world knowledge. In contrast, agents trained with reinforcement learning (RL) typically learn behaviors from scratch. We thus propose a novel approach that uses the vast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 William Chen , Oier Mees , Aviral Kumar , Sergey Levine

Vision-language models (VLMs) have shown remarkable abilities by integrating large language models with visual inputs. However, they often fail to utilize visual evidence adequately, either depending on linguistic priors in vision-centric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiaojun Guo , Runyu Zhou , Yifei Wang , Qi Zhang , Chenheng Zhang , Stefanie Jegelka , Xiaohan Wang , Jiajun Chai , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Yisen Wang

In recent years, reinforcement learning (RL)-based methods for learning driving policies have gained increasing attention in the autonomous driving community and have achieved remarkable progress in various driving scenarios. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Zilin Huang , Zihao Sheng , Yansong Qu , Junwei You , Sikai Chen

Reward design is of great importance for solving complex tasks with reinforcement learning. Recent studies have explored using image-text similarity produced by vision-language models (VLMs) to augment rewards of a task with visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Lirui Luo , Guoxi Zhang , Hongming Xu , Yaodong Yang , Cong Fang , Qing Li

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, yet their large scale often renders them impractical for resource-constrained environments. This paper introduces Unified Reinforcement and Imitation Learning (RIL), a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Byung-Kwan Lee , Ryo Hachiuma , Yong Man Ro , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang , Yueh-Hua Wu

While Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in language modeling, its triumph hasn't yet fully translated to visuomotor agents. A primary challenge in RL models is their tendency to overfit specific tasks or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Shaofei Cai , Zhancun Mu , Haiwen Xia , Bowei Zhang , Anji Liu , Yitao Liang

Reward engineering has long been a challenge in Reinforcement Learning (RL) research, as it often requires extensive human effort and iterative processes of trial-and-error to design effective reward functions. In this paper, we propose…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yufei Wang , Zhanyi Sun , Jesse Zhang , Zhou Xian , Erdem Biyik , David Held , Zackory Erickson

Recently DeepSeek R1 has shown that reinforcement learning (RL) can substantially improve the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) through a simple yet effective design. The core of R1 lies in its rule-based reward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Haozhan Shen , Peng Liu , Jingcheng Li , Chunxin Fang , Yibo Ma , Jiajia Liao , Qiaoli Shen , Zilun Zhang , Kangjia Zhao , Qianqian Zhang , Ruochen Xu , Tiancheng Zhao

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) plays a key role in stimulating the explicit reasoning capability of Large Language Models (LLMs). We can achieve expert-level performance in some specific domains via RLVR, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Haoqing Wang , Xiang Long , Ziheng Li , Yilong Xu , Tingguang Li , Yehui Tang

Pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are able to understand visual concepts, describe and decompose complex tasks into sub-tasks, and provide feedback on task completion. In this paper, we aim to leverage these capabilities to support…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 David Venuto , Sami Nur Islam , Martin Klissarov , Doina Precup , Sherry Yang , Ankit Anand

Building generalist agents that can accomplish many goals in rich open-ended environments is one of the research frontiers for reinforcement learning. A key limiting factor for building generalist agents with RL has been the need for a…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for eliciting reasoning chains before generating final answers. However, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) generate reasoning that lacks integration of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Omar Sharif , Eftekhar Hossain , Patrick Ng

Vision-language navigation (VLN) is the task of navigating an embodied agent to carry out natural language instructions inside real 3D environments. In this paper, we study how to address three critical challenges for this task: the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Xin Wang , Qiuyuan Huang , Asli Celikyilmaz , Jianfeng Gao , Dinghan Shen , Yuan-Fang Wang , William Yang Wang , Lei Zhang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) frequently suffer from visual perception errors and hallucinations that compromise answer accuracy in complex reasoning tasks. Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) offers a promising solution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yin Zhang , Jiaxuan Zhao , Zonghan Wu , Zengxiang Li , Junfeng Fang , Kun Wang , Qingsong Wen , Yilei Shao

Inspired by the impressive reasoning capabilities demonstrated by reinforcement learning approaches like DeepSeek-R1, recent emerging research has begun exploring the use of reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance vision-language models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Yizhen Zhang , Yang Ding , Shuoshuo Zhang , Xinchen Zhang , Haoling Li , Zhong-zhi Li , Peijie Wang , Jie Wu , Lei Ji , Yelong Shen , Yujiu Yang , Yeyun Gong

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown great potential in refining robotic manipulation policies, yet its efficacy remains strongly bottlenecked by the difficulty of designing generalizable reward functions. In this paper, we propose a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yanru Wu , Weiduo Yuan , Ang Qi , Vitor Guizilini , Jiageng Mao , Yue Wang

Large vision-language models (VLMs) fine-tuned on specialized visual instruction-following data have exhibited impressive language reasoning capabilities across various scenarios. However, this fine-tuning paradigm may not be able to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yuexiang Zhai , Hao Bai , Zipeng Lin , Jiayi Pan , Shengbang Tong , Yifei Zhou , Alane Suhr , Saining Xie , Yann LeCun , Yi Ma , Sergey Levine

The alignment between humans and machines is a critical challenge in artificial intelligence today. Reinforcement learning, which aims to maximize a reward function, is particularly vulnerable to the risks associated with poorly designed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Valentin Cuzin-Rambaud , Emilien Komlenovic , Alexandre Faure , Bruno Yun

Recent research looks to harness the general knowledge and reasoning of large language models (LLMs) into agents that accomplish user-specified goals in interactive environments. Vision-language models (VLMs) extend LLMs to multi-modal data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jake Grigsby , Yuke Zhu , Michael Ryoo , Juan Carlos Niebles
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