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In this article, we present a novel formulation for the load-dependent traveling salesman problem (LD-TSP), in which travel cost (or energy expended) depends on the vehicle's current load. This problem is relevant for package delivery and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-08 Deepak Prakash Kumar , Saurabh Belgaonkar , Sivakumar Rathinam , Swaroop Darbha , David W. Casbeer

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), finding a minimal weighted Hamilton cycle in a graph, is a typical problem in operation research and combinatorial optimization. In this paper, based on some novel properties on Hamilton graphs, we…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Heping Jiang

We explore the impact of learning paradigms on training deep neural networks for the Travelling Salesman Problem. We design controlled experiments to train supervised learning (SL) and reinforcement learning (RL) models on fixed graph sizes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Chaitanya K. Joshi , Thomas Laurent , Xavier Bresson

With applications to many disciplines, the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a classical computer science optimization problem with applications to industrial engineering, theoretical computer science, bioinformatics, and several other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-26 Yihui He , Ming Xiang

While there are optimal TSP solvers, as well as recent learning-based approaches, the generalization of the TSP to the Multiple Traveling Salesmen Problem is much less studied. Here, we design a neural network solution that treats the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Yoav Kaempfer , Lior Wolf

We demonstrate that a single training trajectory can transform a graph neural network into an unsupervised heuristic for combinatorial optimization. Focusing on the Travelling Salesman Problem, we show that encoding global structural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yimeng Min , Carla P. Gomes

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the classic and hard problems in combinatorial optimization. We develop a new heuristic that uses a connection between Minimum Cost Flow Problems and the TSP to improve on a given suboptimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Steffen Borgwardt , Zachary Sorenson

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem with broad real-world applications. Recent advancements in neural network-based TSP solvers have shown promising results. Nonetheless, these models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yubin Xiao , Di Wang , Rui Cao , Xuan Wu , Boyang Li , You Zhou

In order to deal with the high development time of exact and approximation algorithms for NP-hard combinatorial optimisation problems and the high running time of exact solvers, deep learning techniques have been used in recent years as an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 James Fitzpatrick , Deepak Ajwani , Paula Carroll

In this work, a novel idea is presented for combinatorial optimization problems, a hybrid network, which results in a superior outcome. We applied this method to graph pointer networks [1], expanding its capabilities to a higher level. We…

This paper aims to develop a learning method for a special class of traveling salesman problems (TSP), namely, the pickup-and-delivery TSP (PDTSP), which finds the shortest tour along a sequence of one-to-one pickup-and-delivery nodes.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Bowen Fang , Xu Chen , Xuan Di

In this work we focus on the well-known Euclidean Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) and two highly competitive inexact heuristic TSP solvers, EAX and LKH, in the context of per-instance algorithm selection (AS). We evolve instances with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Moritz Seiler , Janina Pohl , Jakob Bossek , Pascal Kerschke , Heike Trautmann

We propose a framework to learn to schedule a job-shop problem (JSSP) using a graph neural network (GNN) and reinforcement learning (RL). We formulate the scheduling process of JSSP as a sequential decision-making problem with graph…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Junyoung Park , Jaehyeong Chun , Sang Hun Kim , Youngkook Kim , Jinkyoo Park

In this work we revisit the Hopfield-Tank algorithm for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and report encouraging results, with a different dynamics, that makes the algorithm more efficient finding better solutions in much less…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-30 M. Argollo de Menezes , T. J. P. Penna

We study the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) on the metric completion of cubic and subcubic graphs, which is known to be NP-hard. The problem is of interest because of its relation to the famous 4/3 conjecture for metric TSP, which says…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-07-07 Sylvia Boyd , René Sitters , Suzanne van der Ster , Leen Stougie

We study the online Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) on the line augmented with machine-learned predictions. In the classical problem, there is a stream of requests released over time along the real line. The goal is to minimize the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Themis Gouleakis , Konstantinos Lakis , Golnoosh Shahkarami

In response to the Amazon Last-Mile Routing Challenge, Team Permission Denied proposes a hierarchical Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) optimization with a customized cost matrix. The higher level TSP solves for the zone sequence while the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-07 Xiaotong Guo , Baichuan Mo , Qingyi Wang

We present an application of the tensor network generator-enhanced optimization (TN-GEO) framework to address the traveling salesman problem (TSP), a fundamental combinatorial optimization challenge. Our approach employs a tensor network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ryo Sakai , Chen-Yu Liu

This paper presents a new method for integrated time-optimal routing and trajectory optimization of multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Our approach extends the well-known Traveling Salesman Problem by accounting for the limited…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Fabian Meyer , Katharina Glock

The generalized traveling salesman problem (GTSP) is an extension of the well-known traveling salesman problem. In GTSP, we are given a partition of cities into groups and we are required to find a minimum length tour that includes exactly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-03-30 Gregory Gutin , Daniel Karapetyan