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We consider a stochastic game of contribution to the common good in which the players have continuous control over the degree of contribution, and we examine the gradualism arising from the free rider effect. This game belongs to the class…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-14 H. Dharma Kwon

Cooperation in heterogeneous groups, where individuals differ in resources, productivity, and behavioural responsiveness, underpins collective action across many social and biological systems. Introspection dynamics, in which each player…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Harry Foster , Vincent A. Knight , Sebastian Krapohl

Public Goods Games represent one of the most useful tools to study group interactions between individuals. However, even if they could provide an explanation for the emergence and stability of cooperation in modern societies, they are not…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-05-05 Sandro Meloni , Cheng-Yi Xia , Yamir Moreno

The public goods game is a model of a society investing some assets and regaining a profit, although can also model biological populations. In the classic public goods game only two strategies compete: either cooperate or defect; a third…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2022-06-08 Gaspar Alfaro , Miguel A. F. Sanjuan

Studying social dilemmas prompts the question of how cooperation can emerge in situations where individuals are expected to act selfishly. Here, in the framework of the one-shot Public Goods Game (PGG), we introduce the concept that…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-02-09 Lucas S. Flores , The Anh Han

The fact that individuals will most likely behave differently in different situations begets the introduction of conditional strategies. Inspired by this, we study the evolution of cooperation in the spatial public goods game, where besides…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-02-08 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

Cooperation in repeated public goods game is hardly achieved, unless contingent behavior is present. Surely, if mechanisms promoting positive assortment between cooperators are present, then cooperators may beat defectors, because…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-06-24 Lucas Wardil , Marco A. Amaral

Enforcing cooperation among substantial agents is one of the main objectives for multi-agent systems. However, due to the existence of inherent social dilemmas in many scenarios, the free-rider problem may arise during agents' long-run…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Kai Li , Dong Hao

According to the public goods game (PGG) protocol, participants decide freely whether they want to contribute to a common pool or not, but the resulting benefit is distributed equally. A conceptually similar dilemma situation may emerge…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-12-26 Chaoqian Wang , Attila Szolnoki

In a community-structured population, public goods games (PGG) occur both within and between communities. Such type of PGG is referred as multilevel public goods games (MPGG). We propose a minimalist evolutionary model of the MPGG and…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-05-27 Jing Wang , Bin Wu , Daniel W. C. Ho , Long Wang

Networked public goods games model scenarios in which self-interested agents decide whether or how much to invest in an action that benefits not only themselves, but also their network neighbors. Examples include vaccination, security…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-03 David Kempe , Sixie Yu , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik

Cooperation among self-interested players in a social dilemma is fragile and easily interrupted by mistakes. In this work, we study the repeated $n$-person public-goods game and search for a strategy that forms a cooperative Nash…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-04-20 Yohsuke Murase , Seung Ki Baek

We study incentive design when multiple principals simultaneously design mechanisms for their respective teams in environments with strategic spillovers. In this environment, each principal's set of incentive-compatible mechanisms--those…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-05-11 Brian Roberson

When individuals interact in groups, the evolution of cooperation is traditionally modeled using the framework of public goods games. These models often assume that the return of the public good depends linearly on the fraction of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-03 Christoph Hauert , Alex McAvoy

Properly coordinating cooperation is relevant for resolving public good problems such as clean energy and environmental protection. However, little is known about how individuals can coordinate themselves for a certain level of cooperation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-04-26 Tatsuya Sasaki , Satoshi Uchida

In social dilemmas, individuals face a conflict between their own self-interest and the collective interest of the group. The provision of reward has been shown to be an effective means to drive cooperation in such situations. However,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-08-21 Shijia Hua , Linjie Liu

Agents often have individual goals which depend on a group's actions. If agents trust a forecast of collective action and adapt strategically, such prediction can influence outcomes non-trivially, resulting in a form of performative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 António Góis , Mehrnaz Mofakhami , Fernando P. Santos , Gauthier Gidel , Simon Lacoste-Julien

In a static environment, optional participation and a local agglomeration of cooperators are found to be beneficial for the occurrence and maintenance of cooperation. In the optional public goods game, the rock-scissors-paper cycles of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-05 Li-Xin Zhong , Wen-Juan Xu , Yong-Dong Shi , Tian Qiu

The conflict between individual and collective interests is in the heart of every social dilemmas established by evolutionary game theory. We cannot avoid these conflicts but sometimes we may choose which interaction framework to use as a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-06-09 Attila Szolnoki , Xiaojie Chen

Rewards and penalties are common practical tools that can be used to promote cooperation in social institutions. The evolution of cooperation under reward and punishment incentives in joint enterprises has been formalized and investigated,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-08-20 Tatsuya Sasaki