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In many fields$\unicode{x2013}$including genomics, epidemiology, natural language processing, social and behavioral sciences, and economics$\unicode{x2013}$it is increasingly important to address causal questions in the context of factor…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-30 Jenna M. Landy , Dafne Zorzetto , Roberta De Vito , Giovanni Parmigiani

There has been a recent surge of interest in time series modeling using the Transformer architecture. However, forecasting multivariate time series with Transformer presents a unique challenge as it requires modeling both temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Yu-Hsiang Lan , Eric K. Oermann

Temporal prediction is critical for making intelligent and robust decisions in complex dynamic environments. Motion prediction needs to model the inherently uncertain future which often contains multiple potential outcomes, due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Yichuan Charlie Tang , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Matrix time series, which consist of matrix-valued data observed over time, are prevalent in various fields such as economics, finance, and engineering. Such matrix time series data are often observed in high dimensions. Matrix factor…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-09 Ruofan Yu , Rong Chen , Han Xiao , Yuefeng Han

We introduce a new version of deep state-space models (DSSMs) that combines a recurrent neural network with a state-space framework to forecast time series data. The model estimates the observed series as functions of latent variables that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-20 Haoxuan Wu , David S. Matteson , Martin T. Wells

How to handle time features shall be the core question of any time series forecasting model. Ironically, it is often ignored or misunderstood by deep-learning based models, even those baselines which are state-of-the-art. This behavior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Li Shen , Yuning Wei , Yangzhu Wang

In this study, we develop a latent factor model for analysing high-dimensional binary data. Specifically, a standard probit model is used to describe the regression relationship between the observed binary data and the continuous latent…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-15 Jiaxin Shi , Yuan Gao , Rui Pan , Hansheng Wang

This paper deals with the factor modeling for high-dimensional time series based on a dimension-reduction viewpoint. Under stationary settings, the inference is simple in the sense that both the number of factors and the factor loadings are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-06-05 Clifford Lam , Qiwei Yao

Recently, there has been considerable progress on designing algorithms with provable guarantees -- typically using linear algebraic methods -- for parameter learning in latent variable models. But designing provable algorithms for inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-30 Sanjeev Arora , Rong Ge , Frederic Koehler , Tengyu Ma , Ankur Moitra

We propose a novel framework in high-dimensional factor models to simultaneously analyse multiple tensor time series, each with potentially different tensor orders and dimensionality. The connection between different tensor time series is…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-19 Zetai Cen

Time series forecasting aims to model temporal dependencies among variables for future state inference, holding significant importance and widespread applications in real-world scenarios. Although deep learning-based methods have achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zesen Wang , Lijuan Lan , Yonggang Li

Explaining predictions based on multivariate time series data carries the additional difficulty of handling not only multiple features, but also time dependencies. It matters not only what happened, but also when, and the same feature could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Joseph Enguehard

Time series forecasting plays an increasingly important role in modern business decisions. In today's data-rich environment, people often aim to choose the optimal forecasting model for their data. However, identifying the optimal model…

Applications · Statistics 2021-12-17 Xixi Li , Fotios Petropoulos , Yanfei Kang

Systems of interacting continuous-time Markov chains are a powerful model class, but inference is typically intractable in high dimensional settings. Auxiliary information, such as noisy observations, is typically only available at discrete…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-21 Giosue Migliorini , Padhraic Smyth

Covariates provide valuable information on external factors that influence time series and are critical in many real-world time series forecasting tasks. For example, in retail, covariates may indicate promotions or peak dates such as…

Deep models have demonstrated remarkable performance in time series forecasting. However, due to the partially-observed nature of real-world applications, solely focusing on the target of interest, so-called endogenous variables, is usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yuxuan Wang , Haixu Wu , Jiaxiang Dong , Guo Qin , Haoran Zhang , Yong Liu , Yunzhong Qiu , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Factor analysis is a widely used technique for dimension reduction in high-dimensional data. However, a key challenge in factor models lies in the interpretability of the latent factors. One intuitive way to interpret these factors is…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-08 Xin Wang , Xialu Liu

Deep learning has achieved strong performance in Time Series Forecasting (TSF). However, we identify a critical representation paradox, termed Latent Chaos: models with accurate predictions often learn latent representations that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jie Yang , Yifan Hu , Yuante Li , Kexin Zhang , Kaize Ding , Philip S. Yu

Latent factor model estimation typically relies on either using domain knowledge to manually pick several observed covariates as factor proxies, or purely conducting multivariate analysis such as principal component analysis. However, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-04 Runzhe Wan , Yingying Li , Wenbin Lu , Rui Song

Latent factor models are increasingly popular for modeling multi-relational knowledge graphs. By their vectorial nature, it is not only hard to interpret why this class of models works so well, but also to understand where they fail and how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-19 Théo Trouillon , Éric Gaussier , Christopher R. Dance , Guillaume Bouchard