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When fitting statistical models, some predictors are often found to be correlated with each other, and functioning together. Many group variable selection methods are developed to select the groups of predictors that are closely related to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-25 Zhiyuan Li

Predictive risk scores estimating probabilities for a binary outcome on the basis of observed covariates are common across the sciences. They are frequently developed with the intent of avoiding the outcome in question by intervening in…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-26 James Liley

Time-to-event analyses are often plagued by both -- possibly unmeasured -- confounding and competing risks. To deal with the former, the use of instrumental variables for effect estimation is rapidly gaining ground. We show how to make use…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-01-04 Torben Martinussen , Stijn Vansteelandt

Fine stratification survey is useful in many applications as its point estimator is unbiased, but the variance estimator under the design cannot be easily obtained, particularly when the sample size per stratum is as small as one unit. One…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-05 Sepideh Mosaferi , Shonosuke Sugasawa

Propensity score (PS) methods are widely used to estimate treatment effects in non-randomized studies. Variance is typically estimated using sandwich or bootstrap methods, which can either treat the PS as estimated or fixed. The latter is…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-17 Baoshan Zhang , Sean M. O'Brien , Yuan Wu , Laine E. Thomas

Incrementality experiments compare customers exposed to a marketing action designed to increase sales to those randomly assigned to a control group. These experiments suffer from noisy responses which make precise estimation of the average…

Applications · Statistics 2023-05-11 Ron Berman , Elea McDonnell Feit

Replicating causal estimates across different cohorts is crucial for increasing the integrity of epidemiological studies. However, strong assumptions regarding unmeasured confounding and effect modification often hinder this goal. By…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-23 Roy S. Zawadzki , Daniel L. Gillen

Recent years have witnessed an upsurge of interest in employing flexible machine learning models for instrumental variable (IV) regression, but the development of uncertainty quantification methodology is still lacking. In this work we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-04 Ziyu Wang , Yuhao Zhou , Tongzheng Ren , Jun Zhu

Principal stratification is a popular framework for causal inference in the presence of an intermediate outcome. While the principal average treatment effects are the standard target of inference, they may be insufficient when interest lies…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-29 Xinyuan Chen , Fan Li

Instrumental variable methods provide useful tools for inferring causal effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding. To apply these methods with large-scale data sets, a major challenge is to find valid instruments from a possibly…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-24 Xinyi Zhang , Linbo Wang , Stanislav Volgushev , Dehan Kong

The use of improved covariance matrix estimators as an alternative to the sample estimator is considered an important approach for enhancing portfolio optimization. Here we empirically compare the performance of 9 improved covariance…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2010-04-27 Ester Pantaleo , Michele Tumminello , Fabrizio Lillo , Rosario N. Mantegna

Traditional instrumental variable (IV) methods often struggle with weak or invalid instruments and rely heavily on external data. We introduce a Synthetic Instrumental Variable (SIV) approach that constructs valid instruments using only…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-22 Ratbek Dzhumashev , Ainura Tursunalieva

Post-hoc calibration methods are widely used to improve the reliability of probabilistic predictions from machine learning models. Despite their prevalence, a comprehensive theoretical understanding of these methods remains elusive,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Kristina P. Sinaga , Arjun S. Nair

Variable selection comprises an important step in many modern statistical inference procedures. In the regression setting, when estimators cannot shrink irrelevant signals to zero, covariates without relationships to the response often…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-28 Ka Long Keith Ho , Hien Duy Nguyen

Studies intended to estimate the effect of a treatment, like randomized trials, may not be sampled from the desired target population. To correct for this discrepancy, estimates can be transported to the target population. Methods for…

Difference in proportions is frequently used to measure treatment effect for binary outcomes in randomized clinical trials. The estimation of difference in proportions can be assisted by adjusting for prognostic baseline covariates to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-31 Jialuo Liu , Dong Xi

Covariate-adaptive randomization is widely used in clinical trials to balance prognostic factors, and regression adjustments are often adopted to further enhance the estimation and inference efficiency. In practice, the covariates may…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-15 Wanjia Fu , Yingying Ma , Hanzhong Liu

Instrumental variable (IV) regression can be approached through its formulation in terms of conditional moment restrictions (CMR). Building on variants of the generalized method of moments, most CMR estimators are implicitly based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Heiner Kremer , Bernhard Schölkopf

The endogeneity issue is fundamentally important as many empirical applications may suffer from the omission of explanatory variables, measurement error, or simultaneous causality. Recently, \cite{hllt17} propose a "Deep Instrumental…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-01 Ruiqi Liu , Zuofeng Shang , Guang Cheng

To estimate causal effects, analysts performing observational studies in health settings utilize several strategies to mitigate bias due to confounding by indication. There are two broad classes of approaches for these purposes: use of…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-01 Roy S. Zawadzki , Joshua D. Grill , Daniel L. Gillen