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While deep neural network (DNN)-based perception models are useful for many applications, these models are black boxes and their outputs are not yet well understood. To confidently enable a real-world, decision-making system to utilize such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Sara Pohland , Claire Tomlin

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence but often lack performance when faced with out-of-distribution (OOD) data, a common scenario due to the inevitable domain shifts in real-world applications. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Arsham Gholamzadeh Khoee , Yinan Yu , Robert Feldt

We investigate the fundamental performance limitations of learning algorithms in several Domain Generalisation (DG) settings. Motivated by the difficulty with which previously proposed methods have in reliably outperforming Empirical Risk…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-24 Henry Gouk , Ondrej Bohdal , Da Li , Timothy Hospedales

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods perform well on multi-domain benchmarks, yet many practical systems are trained on single-domain data. We show that this regime induces a geometric failure mode, Domain-Sensitivity Collapse (DSC):…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Hong Yang , Devroop Kar , Qi Yu , Travis Desell , Alex Ororbia

Deep learning models for verification systems often fail to generalize to new users and new environments, even though they learn highly discriminative features. To address this problem, we propose a few-shot domain generalization framework…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Seunghan Yang , Debasmit Das , Janghoon Cho , Hyoungwoo Park , Sungrack Yun

In domain classification for spoken dialog systems, correct detection of out-of-domain (OOD) utterances is crucial because it reduces confusion and unnecessary interaction costs between users and the systems. Previous work usually utilizes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Joo-Kyung Kim , Young-Bum Kim

This paper proposes deception as a mechanism for out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization: by learning data representations that make training data appear independent and identically distributed (iid) to an observer, we can identify stable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Anirudha Majumdar

Domain Generalization (DG) aims to learn models whose performance remains high on unseen domains encountered at test-time by using data from multiple related source domains. Many existing DG algorithms reduce the divergence between source…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Akshay Mehra , Bhavya Kailkhura , Pin-Yu Chen , Jihun Hamm

Distribution shifts between training and testing samples frequently occur in practice and impede model generalization performance. This crucial challenge thereby motivates studies on domain generalization (DG), which aim to predict the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Tianxin Wei , Yifan Chen , Xinrui He , Wenxuan Bao , Jingrui He

Domain Generalization (DG) studies the capability of a deep learning model to generalize to out-of-training distributions. In the last decade, literature has been massively filled with training methodologies that claim to obtain more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Simone Angarano , Mauro Martini , Francesco Salvetti , Vittorio Mazzia , Marcello Chiaberge

The objective of Domain Generalization (DG) is to devise algorithms and models capable of achieving high performance on previously unseen test distributions. In the pursuit of this objective, average measure has been employed as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Duhun Hwang , Suhyun Kang , Moonjung Eo , Jimyeong Kim , Wonjong Rhee

The generalization capability of machine learning models, which refers to generalizing the knowledge for an "unseen" domain via learning from one or multiple seen domain(s), is of great importance to develop and deploy machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Keyu Chen , Di Zhuang , J. Morris Chang

In open-world scenarios, where both novel classes and domains may exist, an ideal segmentation model should detect anomaly classes for safety and generalize to new domains. However, existing methods often struggle to distinguish between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Zhitong Gao , Bingnan Li , Mathieu Salzmann , Xuming He

Why do state-of-the-art OOD detection methods exhibit catastrophic failure when models are trained on single-domain datasets? We provide the first theoretical explanation for this phenomenon through the lens of information theory. We prove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Hong Yang , Devroop Kar , Qi Yu , Alex Ororbia , Travis Desell

Generalization capability to unseen domains is crucial for machine learning models when deploying to real-world conditions. We investigate the challenging problem of domain generalization, i.e., training a model on multi-domain source data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Qi Dou , Daniel C. Castro , Konstantinos Kamnitsas , Ben Glocker

Domain generalization (DG) is proposed to deal with the issue of domain shift, which occurs when statistical differences exist between source and target domains. However, most current methods do not account for a common realistic scenario…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Xiran Wang , Jian Zhang , Lei Qi , Yinghuan Shi

Reliable and accurate estimation of the error of an ML model in unseen test domains is an important problem for safe intelligent systems. Prior work uses disagreement discrepancy (DIS^2) to derive practical error bounds under distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Aayush Mishra , Anqi Liu

Domain generalization (DG) aims to tackle the distribution shift between training domains and unknown target domains. Generating new domains is one of the most effective approaches, yet its performance gain depends on the distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Rui Dai , Yonggang Zhang , Zhen Fang , Bo Han , Xinmei Tian

The well known domain shift issue causes model performance to degrade when deployed to a new target domain with different statistics to training. Domain adaptation techniques alleviate this, but need some instances from the target domain to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Yiying Li , Yongxin Yang , Wei Zhou , Timothy M. Hospedales

Domain generalization algorithms use training data from multiple domains to learn models that generalize well to unseen domains. While recently proposed benchmarks demonstrate that most of the existing algorithms do not outperform simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Tigran Galstyan , Hrayr Harutyunyan , Hrant Khachatrian , Greg Ver Steeg , Aram Galstyan