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This work proposes a view of probability as a relative measure rather than an absolute one. To demonstrate this concept, we focus on finite outcome spaces and develop three fundamental axioms that establish requirements for relative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-30 Max Sklar

We study the problem of an appropriate choice of derivatives associated with discrete Fourier-Bessel expansions. We introduce a new so-called essential measure Fourier-Bessel setting, where the relevant derivative is simply the ordinary…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-09-09 Bartosz Langowski , Adam Nowak

In a Dedekind complete Riesz space, $E$, we show that if $(P_n)$ is a sequence of band projections in $E$ then $$\limsup\limits_{n\to \infty} P_n - \liminf\limits_{n\to \infty} P_n = \limsup\limits_{n\to \infty} P_n(I-P_{n+1}).$$ This…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-10-22 Nyasha Mushambi , Bruce A. Watson , Bertin Zinsou

We study a capacity theory based on a definition of a Riesz potential in metric spaces with a doubling measure. In this general setting, we study the basic properties of the Riesz capacity, including monotonicity, countable subadditivity…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2015-10-30 Juho Nuutinen , Pilar Silvestre

We study conditional independence under infinite measures on punctured product spaces, a notion recently introduced for graphical modeling in multivariate extremes and L\'evy processes. In contrast to classical probabilistic conditional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Shuyang Bai , Vishal Routh

We design hypersequent calculus proof systems for the theories of Riesz spaces and modal Riesz spaces and prove the key theorems: soundness, completeness and cut elimination. These are then used to obtain completely syntactic proofs of some…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Christophe Lucas , Matteo Mio

We discuss conditionalisation for Accept-Desirability models in an abstract decision-making framework, where uncertain rewards live in a general linear space, and events are special projection operators on that linear space. This abstract…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Kathelijne Coussement , Gert de Cooman , Keano De Vos

The purpose of this paper is to present a mathematical theory that can be used as a foundation for statistics that include improper priors. This theory includes improper laws in the initial axioms and has in particular Bayes theorem as a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-11 Gunnar Taraldsen , Bo H. Lindqvist

An equational axiomatisation of probability functions for one-dimensional event spaces in the language of signed meadows is expanded with conditional values. Conditional values constitute a so-called signed vector meadow. In the presence of…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-05-28 Jan A. Bergstra

This paper introduces statistical order convergence and its pointwise variant for sequences of order bounded operators between Riesz spaces. We establish fundamental properties: uniqueness of the limit, stability under lattice operations,…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-30 Abdullah Aydın , Erdal Bayram , İshak Aydın

Over the last years, minimization problems over spaces of measures have received increased interest due to their relevance in the context of inverse problems, optimal control and machine learning. A fundamental role in their numerical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-19 Gerd Wachsmuth , Daniel Walter

This article studies convex duality in stochastic optimization over finite discrete-time. The first part of the paper gives general conditions that yield explicit expressions for the dual objective in many applications in operations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-04-28 Sara Biagini , Teemu Pennanen , Ari-Pekka Perkkiö

The Fejer-Riesz theorem has inspired numerous generalizations in one and several variables, and for matrix- and operator-valued functions. This paper is a survey of some old and recent topics that center around Rosenblum's operator…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2009-03-24 Michael A. Dritschel , James Rovnyak

Markov kernels play a decisive role in probability and mathematical statistics theories, and are an extension of the concepts of sigma-field and statistic. Concepts such as independence, sufficiency, completeness, ancillarity or conditional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-10-28 Agustín G. Nogales

Answering causal questions often involves estimating linear functionals of conditional expectations, such as the average treatment effect or the effect of a longitudinal modified treatment policy. By the Riesz representation theorem, these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-06 Kaitlyn J. Lee , Alejandro Schuler

In this paper, we develop new optional stopping theorems for scenarios where the stopping rules are defined by bounded continuity regions. Moreover, we establish a wide variety of inequalities on the supremums and infimums of functions of…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-08-01 Xinjia Chen

We extend two kinds of causal models, structural equation models and simulation models, to infinite variable spaces. This enables a semantics for conditionals founded on a calculus of intervention, and axiomatization of causal reasoning for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Duligur Ibeling , Thomas Icard

We show that including both the system and the apparatus in the quantum description of the measurement process, and using the concept of conditional probabilities, it is possible to deduce the statistical operator of the system after a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-29 R. Laura , L. Vanni

The statistically unbounded $p$-convergence is an abstraction of the statistical order, unbounded order, and $p$-convergences. We investigate the concept of the statistically unbounded convergence on lattice-normed Riesz spaces with respect…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-04-28 Abdullah Aydın

This paper concerns positive domination property of compact operators on pre-Riesz spaces. The method is embedding the pre-Riesz space to the Riesz completion. It extends the order continuous norms in pre-Riesz spaces to Riesz completions.…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-09-18 Onno van Gaans , Feng Zhang