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This article delves into the observational properties of a Schwarzschild-like black hole (BH). Initially, the research provides a succinct examination of the spacetime geometry and the configuration of its horizon. Furthermore, we study the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-17 Weiqiang Yang , Mirzabek Alloqulov , Ahmadjon Abdujabbarov , Bobomurat Ahmedov , Chengxun Yuan , Chen Zhou

We investigate the light deflection and the shadow characteristics of a non-minimally coupled Horndeski black hole surrounded by a magnetized, cold, pressureless plasma medium, while considering both homogeneous and non-homogeneous plasma…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-24 Shubham Kala , Jaswinder Singh

This article computes the bending angle of a hairy black hole at weak field limits. The Gauss-Bonnet theorem is applied to the Gaussian optical curvature; this gives a way to calculate the hairy black hole light bending angle using the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-25 Riasat Ali , Xia Tiecheng , Muhammad Awais , Rimsha Babar

We study the photon's motion around a black hole in the presence of a plasma whose density is a function of the radius coordinate by a renewed ray-tracing algorithm and investigate the influence of the plasma on the shadow of the black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-07-18 Yang Huang , Yi-Ping Dong , Dao-Jun Liu

The influence of the medium on the gravitational deflection of light rays is widely discussed in literature for the simplest non-trivial case: cold non-magnetized plasma. In this article, we generalize these studies to the case of an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-19 Oleg Yu. Tsupko

In most analytical studies of light ray propagation in curved spacetimes around a gravitating object surrounded by a medium, it is assumed that the medium is a cold nonmagnetized plasma. The distinctive feature of this environment is that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-18 Barbora Bezděková , Oleg Yu. Tsupko , Christian Pfeifer

We study the deflection of light in a homogeneous plasma medium around a BTZ-ModMax black hole, focusing on the effects of the ModMax nonlinear electrodynamics parameter and the cosmological constant. Using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem applied…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-08 Ritesh Pandey , Shubham Kala , Amare Abebe , Hemwati Nandan , G. G. L. Nashed

Plasma, as a medium around the black hole for light propagation, is known to visibly alter the shape of its shadow and the observables, which could impact the interpretation of the Event Horizon Telescope results. In this study, we examine…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-13 Connor McMillin , Zhichen Guan , Owen Gartlan , Lotus Liu , Leo Rodriguez , Shanshan Rodriguez

In this article, we study the weak gravitational lensing in the background of regular, static, spherically symmetric black hole solutions of Einstein's standard general relativity coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics. The weak deflection…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-04 Susmita Sarkar , Nayan Sarkar , Hasrat Hussian Shah , Pankaj Balo , Farook Rahaman

The influence of plasma on different effects of gravitational lensing is reviewed. Using the Hamiltonian approach for geometrical optics in a medium in the presence of gravity, an exact formula for the photon deflection angle by a black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-31 G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan , O. Yu. Tsupko

We consider rotating charged black holes with a scalar dilaton field and surrounded by plasma, with the purpose of studying their shadows. The corresponding metric has been previously obtained in the literature from the static solution by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-19 Javier Badía , Ernesto F. Eiroa

We study the influence of the plasma environment on the shadows of stationary axisymmetric wormholes. We consider a sample of several wormhole solutions and plasma distributions for which the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the light rays is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-16 Tsanimir Angelov , Rasim Bekir , Galin Gyulchev , Petya Nedkova , Stoytcho Yazadjiev

The null geodesics of the regular and rotating magnetically charged black hole in a non-minimally coupled Einstein-Yang-Mills theory surrounded by a plasma medium is studied. The effect of magnetic charge and Yang-Mills parameter on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-25 Shubham Kala , Hemwati Nandan , Prateek Sharma

We have studied photon motion around axially symmetric rotating Kerr black hole in the presence of plasma with radial power-law density. It is shown that in the presence of plasma the observed shape and size of shadow changes depending on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-10-21 Farruh Atamurotov , Bobomurat Ahmedov , Ahmadjon Abdujabbarov

Black hole shadow and gravitational lensing play important roles in testing gravitational theories in the strong field regime. As the first-order modifications from quantum gravity, the nonlocality can be manifested by black hole shadow and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-24 Qi-Ming Fu , Shao-Wen Wei , Li Zhao , Yu-Xiao Liu , Xin Zhang

We explore the structure of shadow for a Kerr-de Sitter black hole with a non-magnetized, pressureless plasma surrounding it. Specific plasma distributions are considered to separate the Hamilton-Jacobi equation and find the photon regions.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-16 Abhishek Chowdhuri , Arpan Bhattacharyya

In this paper, optical properties of renormalization group improved (RGI) Schwarzschild black hole (BH) are investigated in plasma medium. Starting from the equations of motions in plasma medium, we have shown how the shadow radius of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-01 Farruh Atamurotov , Mubasher Jamil , Kimet Jusufi

We investigate the properties of the shadow cast by a black hole (BH) in a non-commutative spacetime surrounded by a plasma medium. BHs in a plasma environment can exhibit complex interactions that profoundly affect their shadow properties.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-01 Mrinnoy M. Gohain , Kalyan Bhuyan , Paragjyoti Chutia

Exploring the influence of plasma on the light rays trajectories in the vicinity of black holes is significat since that astrophysical black holes are generally surrounded by a plasma medium. In this work, we analyze the null geodesics in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-27 Malihe Heydari-Fard , Mohaddese Heydari-Fard

In this paper, we investigate the gravitational lensing properties of magnetically charged black holes within the framework of nonlinear electrodynamics. We derive the deflection angle and examine the influence of the nonlinear…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-23 Hira Waseem , Nikko John Leo S. Lobos , Ali Övgün , Reggie C. Pantig
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