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This work investigates the production of high-resolution images of typical support elements in concrete structures by means of muon tomography (muography). By exploiting detailed Monte Carlo radiation-matter simulations, we demonstrate the…

Cosmic ray muons enable non-invasive imaging of dense structures through multipleCoulomb scattering (MCS), with scattering angles dependent on atomic number (Z). Traditional algorithms like Point of Closest Approach (PoCA) assume single…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Reshma Ughade , Stylianos Chatzidakis

Muon tomography is a relatively new method of radiography that utilizes muons from cosmic rays and their multiple Coulomb scattering property to distinguish materials. Researchers around the world have been developing various detection…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-12-20 Weihe Zeng , Xingyu Pan , Zhi Zeng , Hao Ma , Ming Zeng , Jianping Cheng

The China Jinping underground Laboratory (CJPL) is an excellent location for studying solar, terrestrial, and supernova neutrinos due to its 2400-meter vertical rock overburden. Its unparalleled depth gives an opportunity to investigate the…

In China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL), the deepest and largest underground laboratory globally, the cosmic-ray muon flux is significantly reduced due to the substantial shielding provided by the overlying mountain. From 2016 to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-17 P. Zhang , H. Ma , W. Dai , M. Jing , L. Yang , Q. Yue , Z. Zeng , J. Cheng

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment. One of the main goals is to determine the neutrino mass ordering by precisely measuring the energy spectrum of reactor antineutrinos. For reactor…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-01-28 Cheng-Feng Yang , Yong-Bo Huang , Ji-Lei Xu , Di-Ru Wu , Hao-Qi Lu , Yong-Peng Zhang , Wu-Ming Luo , Miao He , Guo-Ming Chen , Si-Yuan Zhang

The large depth of the SNO+ experiment (2070 m, 6010 m.w.e.) means that only a few muons per day pass through the detector. However, their high energy causes muon induced backgrounds which can affect multiple physics analyses.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-04-08 Jasmine Simms

In recent years, there have been ongoing efforts to improve screening technologies to improve security and prevent terrorist threats. The most widely used technologies for scanning shipping containers are gamma and x-ray radiography, which…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-12-19 A. Georgadze

This work presents a generalized muon trajectory estimation (GMTE) algorithm to estimate the path of a muon in either uniform or nonuniform media. The use of cosmic ray muons in nuclear nonproliferation and safeguards verification…

Computational Physics · Physics 2018-04-18 Stylianos Chatzidakis , Zhengzhi Liu , Jason P. Hayward , John M. Scaglione

The MURAVES experiment aims at the muographic imaging of the internal structure of the summit of Mt. Vesuvius, exploiting muons produced by cosmic rays. Though presently quiescent, the volcano carries a dramatic hazard in its highly…

Muons comprise an important contribution of the natural radiation dose in air (approx. 30 nSv/h of a total dose rate of 65-130 nSv/h), as well as in underground sites even when the flux and relative contribution are significantly reduced.…

We demonstrate that muon tomography can be used to precisely measure the properties of various materials. The materials which have been considered have been extracted from an experimental blast furnace, including carbon (coke) and iron…

Usage of secondary cosmic muons to image the geological structures density distribution significantly developed during the past ten years. Recent applications demonstrate the method interest to monitor magma ascent and volcanic gas…

Recently, cosmic ray muons have been considered as a potential high energy radiation probe for monitoring and interrogation of dense, well-shielded special nuclear materials (SNM). Due to their high-penetrative nature, cosmic ray muons can…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-02-08 Junghyun Bae , Stylianos Chatzidakis

Inspection of ageing, reinforced concrete structures is a world-wide challenge. Existing non-destructive evaluation techniques in civil and structural engineering have limited penetration depth and don't allow to precisely ascertain the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-03-29 Magdalena Dobrowolska , Jaap Velthuis , Anna Kopp , Chiara De Sio , Ruaridh Milne , Philip Pearson

In both particle physics and muon applications, a high-resolution muon momentum measurement capability plays a significant role not only in providing valuable information on the properties of subatomic particles but also in improving the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-06-10 Junghyun Bae , Stylianos Chatzidakis

As the multidisciplinary applications of cosmic-ray muons expand to large-scale and wide-area scenarios, the construction of cosmic-ray muon detector arrays has become a key solution to overcome the hardware limitations of individual…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-04-02 Yunsong Ning , Yi Yuan , Tao Yu , Hongyu Chen , Chengyan Xie , Hui Jiang , Hesheng Liu , Guihao Lu , Mingchen Sun , Yu Chen , Jian Tang

A muon tracking system consisting of four 9cm x 10cm sized bulk Micromegas detectors with 128um amplification-gap and two 10cm x 10cm triple GEM detectors is foreseen for high-precision tracking of 140GeV muons at the H8 beamline at CERN…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-06-03 Jonathan Bortfeldt , Otmar Biebel , David Heereman , Ralf Hertenberger

Muons interact with matter via two major interaction mechanisms: ionization and radioactive process, and multiple Coulomb scattering leading to energy loss and trajectory deflection, respectively. For a monoenergetic muon beam crossing an…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-08-24 Zhengzhi Liu

The muon detectors of the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have to cope with unprecedentedly high neutron and gamma ray background rates. In the forward regions of the muon spectrometer of the ATLAS detector, for instance,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-10-04 B. Bittner , J. Dubbert , O. Kortner , H. Kroha , F. Legger , R. Richter , O. Biebel , A. Engl , R. Hertenberger , F. Rauscher
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