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Some basic facts about Fredholm indices are briefly reviewed, often used in connection with Toeplitz and pseudodifferential operators, and which may be relevant for operators associated to fractals.

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-09-02 Stephen Semmes

Non-Hermitian systems have been discussed mostly in the context of open systems and nonequilibrium. Recent experimental progress is much from optical, cold-atomic, and classical platforms due to the vast tunability and clear identification…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-01-25 Xiao-Xiao Zhang , Naoto Nagaosa

We study the behavior of fermion spectral functions for the holographic topological Weyl and nodal line semimetals. We calculate the topological invariants from the Green functions of both holographic semimetals using the topological…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-12-19 Yan Liu , Ya-Wen Sun

Topologically non-trivial Hamiltonians with periodic boundary conditions are characterized by strictly quantized invariants. Open questions and fundamental challenges concern their existence, and the possibility of measuring them in systems…

Higher-order topology is prized for its ability to realize lower-dimensional boundary states which are stable beyond fine-tuning. However, disorder presents a failure mechanism that can destroy topological in-gap states. Here, we…

The entanglement spectrum is a useful tool to study topological phases of matter, and contains valuable information about the ground state of the system. Here, we study its properties for free non-Hermitian systems for both point-gapped and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Carlos Ortega-Taberner , Lukas Rødland , Maria Hermanns

Recent years have seen a growing interest in topological phases beyond the standard paradigm of gapped, isolated systems. One recent direction is to explore topological features in non-hermitian systems that are commonly used as effective…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Carlos Ortega-Taberner , Maria Hermanns

We develop the topological band theory for systems described by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, whose energy spectra are generally complex. After generalizing the notion of gapped band structures to the non-Hermitian case, we classify "gapped"…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-04-11 Huitao Shen , Bo Zhen , Liang Fu

Externally controllable band gap properties of a material is crucial in designing optoelectronic devices with desirable properties on-demand. Here, a possibility of single parameter tuning of trivial to non-trivial topological band gap by…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-08-17 Bikashkali Midya

Non-hermitian quantum graphs possessing real (i.e., in principle, observable) spectra are studied via their discretization. The discretized Hamiltonians are assigned, constructively, an elementary pseudometric and/or a more complicated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-16 Miloslav Znojil

Non-Hermitian topological systems have attracted a lot of research activities in recent times, both theoretically and experimentally, due to their unique physical properties and association with open quantum systems. We show that modular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Saubhik Sarkar , Chiranjib Mukhopadhyay , Abolfazl Bayat

Although the classification of crystalline materials can be generally handled by momentum-space-based approaches, topological classification of aperiodic materials remains an outstanding challenge, as the absence of translational symmetry…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Stephan Wong , Ichitaro Yamazaki , Chris Siefert , Iain Duff , Terry A. Loring , Alexander Cerjan

In the context of ground states of quantum many-body systems, the locality of entanglement between connected regions of space is directly tied to the locality of the corresponding entanglement Hamiltonian: the latter is dominated by local,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-09-21 Sara Murciano , Vittorio Vitale , Marcello Dalmonte , Pasquale Calabrese

Topology plays an important role in non-hermitian systems. How to characterize a non-hermitian topological system under open-boundary conditions(OBCs) is a challenging problem. A one-dimensional(1D) topological invariant defined on a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-06-21 ChunChi Liu , LiuHao Li , Jin An

This part is a continuation of the Part I where we built resolutions of identity for certain non-Hermitian Hamiltonians constructed of biorthogonal sets of their eigen- and associated functions for the spectral problem defined on entire…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-12-06 Andrey V. Sokolov

Establishing the fundamental relation between the homotopy invariants and the band topology of Hamiltonians has played a critical role in the recent development of topological phase research. In this work, we establish the homotopy…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-03-28 Hyeongmuk Lim , Sunje Kim , Bohm-Jung Yang

We experimentally demonstrate the broad tunability of the main features of optical localized structures (LS) in a nonlinear interferometer. By discussing how a single LS depends on the system spatial frequency bandwidth, we show that a…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2009-11-07 P. L Ramazza , E. Benkler , S. Boccaletti , U. Bortolozzo , S. Ducci , F. T. Arecchi

We characterize non-Hermitian band structures by symmetry indicator topological invariants. Enabled by crystalline inversion symmetry, these indicators allow us to short-cut the calculation of conventional non-Hermitian topological…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-05-26 Pascal M. Vecsei , M. Michael Denner , Titus Neupert , Frank Schindler

Light can mediate effective dipole-dipole interactions between atoms or quantum emitters coupled to a common environment. Exploiting them to tailor a desired effective Hamiltonian can have major applications and advance the search for…

Topological invariants are crucial for characterizing topological systems. However, experimentally measuring them presents a significant challenge, especially in non-Hermitian systems where the biorthogonal eigenvectors are often necessary.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-23 Shuo Wang , Zhengjie Kang , Hao Li , Jiaojiao Li , Yuanjie Zhang , Zhihuang Luo