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Recent computational efforts have shown that the current potential energy models used in molecular dynamics are not accurate enough to describe the conformational ensemble of RNA oligomers and suggest that molecular dynamics should be…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-12-23 Andrea Cesari , Alejandro Gil-Ley , Giovanni Bussi

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments are increasingly used to probe RNA structure. A number of \emph{forward models} that relate measured SAXS intensities and structural features, and that are suitable to model either…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-07-26 Mattia Bernetti , Kathleen B. Hall , Giovanni Bussi

RNA function is tied to secondary structure, operating through dynamic and heterogeneous structural ensembles. While current analysis tools typically output single static structures or averaged contact maps, chemical probing methods like…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-20 Giuseppe Sacco , Jianhui Li , Redmond P. Smyth , Guido Sanguinetti , Giovanni Bussi

To quantify how well theoretical predictions of structural ensembles agree with experimental measurements, we depend on the accuracy of forward models. These models are computational frameworks that generate observable quantities from…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Robert M. Raddi , Tim Marshall , Vincent A. Voelz

A novel method combining the ensemble refinement by maximum entropy principle and the force field fitting approach is presented. Its formulation allows to continuously interpolate in between these two methods, which can thus be interpreted…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-01-30 Ivan Gilardoni , Thorben Fröhlking , Giovanni Bussi

We describe different Bayesian ensemble refinement methods, examine their interrelation, and discuss their practical application. With ensemble refinement, the properties of dynamic and partially disordered (bio)molecular structures can be…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-01-20 Gerhard Hummer , Jürgen Köfinger

Based on multiple parallel short molecular dynamics simulation trajectories, we designed the reweighted ensemble dynamics (RED) method to more efficiently sample complex (biopolymer) systems, and to explore their hierarchical metastable…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-02-24 Linchen Gong , Xin Zhou , Zhong-Can Ou-Yang

This review describes recent advances by the authors and others on the topic of incorporating experimental data into molecular simulations through maximum entropy methods. Methods which incorporate experimental data improve accuracy in…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-05-15 Dilnoza B. Amirkulova , Andrew D. White

Empirical force fields employed in molecular dynamics simulations of complex systems can be optimised to reproduce experimentally determined structural and thermodynamic properties. In contrast, experimental knowledge about the rates of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-07-12 P. G. Bolhuis , Z. F. Brotzakis , B. G. Keller

The computational study of conformational transitions in RNA and proteins with atomistic molecular dynamics often requires suitable enhanced sampling techniques. We here introduce a novel method where concurrent metadynamics are integrated…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-09-01 Alejandro Gil-Ley , Giovanni Bussi

Elastic network models (ENMs) are valuable and efficient tools for characterizing the collective internal dynamics of proteins based on the knowledge of their native structures. The increasing evidence that the biological functionality of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2015-09-01 Giovanni Pinamonti , Sandro Bottaro , Cristian Micheletti , Giovanni Bussi

RNA function is intimately related to its structural dynamics. Molecular dynamics simulations are useful for exploring biomolecular flexibility but are severely limited by the accessible timescale. Enhanced sampling methods allow this…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2018-02-06 Vojtěch Mlýnský , Giovanni Bussi

The computational study of conformational transitions in nucleic acids still faces many challenges. For example, in the case of single stranded RNA tetranucleotides, agreement between simulations and experiments is not satisfactory due to…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2016-11-21 Alejandro Gil-Ley , Sandro Bottaro , Giovanni Bussi

We introduce a two-parameter ensemble of random discrete-time Markov models that simultaneously captures critical slowing down and broken detailed balance. Extending a previously studied heterogeneous Markov ensemble, we incorporate…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-02-06 Faheem Mosam , Eric De Giuli

Conformational dynamics is crucial for ribonucleic acid (RNA) function. Techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance, cryo-electron microscopy, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, chemical probing, single-molecule F\"orster resonance…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-31 Mattia Bernetti , Giovanni Bussi

Using observation data to estimate unknown parameters in computational models is broadly important. This task is often challenging because solutions are non-unique due to the complexity of the model and limited observation data. However,…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-12-18 Jiacheng Wu , Jian-Xun Wang , Shawn C. Shadden

Modern machine learning models (such as deep neural networks and boosting decision tree models) have become increasingly popular in financial market prediction, due to their superior capacity to extract complex non-linear patterns. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Chuheng Zhang , Yuanqi Li , Xi Chen , Yifei Jin , Pingzhong Tang , Jian Li

Ensemble methods are known for enhancing the accuracy and robustness of machine learning models by combining multiple base learners. However, standard approaches like greedy or random ensembling often fall short, as they assume a constant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Sebastian Pineda Arango , Maciej Janowski , Lennart Purucker , Arber Zela , Frank Hutter , Josif Grabocka

Mixed quantum-classical mechanics descriptions are critical to modeling coupled electron-nuclear dynamics, i.e. non-adiabatic molecular dynamics, relevant to photochemical and photophysical processes. We argue that, for polyatomic…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2018-08-21 Roman Baskov , Alexander White , Dmitry Mozyrsky

The sampling problem lies at the heart of atomistic simulations and over the years many different enhanced sampling methods have been suggested towards its solution. These methods are often grouped into two broad families. On the one hand…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-11-25 Michele Invernizzi , Pablo Miguel Piaggi , Michele Parrinello
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