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Related papers: SmartBERT: A Promotion of Dynamic Early Exiting Me…

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In this paper, we propose Patience-based Early Exit, a straightforward yet effective inference method that can be used as a plug-and-play technique to simultaneously improve the efficiency and robustness of a pretrained language model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Wangchunshu Zhou , Canwen Xu , Tao Ge , Julian McAuley , Ke Xu , Furu Wei

Despite the great success in Natural Language Processing (NLP) area, large pre-trained language models like BERT are not well-suited for resource-constrained or real-time applications owing to the large number of parameters and slow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Keli Xie , Siyuan Lu , Meiqi Wang , Zhongfeng Wang

Large-scale pre-trained language models such as BERT have brought significant improvements to NLP applications. However, they are also notorious for being slow in inference, which makes them difficult to deploy in real-time applications. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Ji Xin , Raphael Tang , Jaejun Lee , Yaoliang Yu , Jimmy Lin

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs), like BERT, with self-supervision objectives exhibit remarkable performance and generalization across various tasks. However, they suffer in inference latency due to their large size. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Divya Jyoti Bajpai , Manjesh Kumar Hanawal

Large-scale pre-trained language models such as BERT have contributed significantly to the development of NLP. However, those models require large computational resources, making it difficult to be applied to mobile devices where computing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Weixin Wu , Hankz Hankui Zhuo

Early exiting has demonstrated its effectiveness in accelerating the inference of pre-trained language models like BERT by dynamically adjusting the number of layers executed. However, most existing early exiting methods only consider local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jianing He , Qi Zhang , Weiping Ding , Duoqian Miao , Jun Zhao , Liang Hu , Longbing Cao

Early exiting is an effective paradigm for improving the inference efficiency of deep networks. By constructing classifiers with varying resource demands (the exits), such networks allow easy samples to be output at early exits, removing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Yizeng Han , Yifan Pu , Zihang Lai , Chaofei Wang , Shiji Song , Junfen Cao , Wenhui Huang , Chao Deng , Gao Huang

With the development of deep learning and Transformer-based pre-trained models like BERT, the accuracy of many NLP tasks has been dramatically improved. However, the large number of parameters and computations also pose challenges for their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Siyuan Lu , Chenchen Zhou , Keli Xie , Jun Lin , Zhongfeng Wang

Dynamic early exiting aims to accelerate the inference of pre-trained language models (PLMs) by emitting predictions in internal layers without passing through the entire model. In this paper, we empirically analyze the working mechanism of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Lei Li , Yankai Lin , Deli Chen , Shuhuai Ren , Peng Li , Jie Zhou , Xu Sun

BERT has achieved superior performances on Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks. However, BERT possesses a large number of parameters and demands certain resources to deploy. For acceleration, Dynamic Early Exiting for BERT (DeeBERT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Shijie Geng , Peng Gao , Zuohui Fu , Yongfeng Zhang

Currently, pre-trained models can be considered the default choice for a wide range of NLP tasks. Despite their SoTA results, there is practical evidence that these models may require a different number of computing layers for different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Nikita Balagansky , Daniil Gavrilov

Pre-training with self-supervised models, such as Hidden-unit BERT (HuBERT) and wav2vec 2.0, has brought significant improvements in automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, these models usually require an expensive computational cost…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Ji Won Yoon , Beom Jun Woo , Nam Soo Kim

Transformer-based language models such as BERT provide significant accuracy improvement for a multitude of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, their hefty computational and memory demands make them challenging to deploy to…

Both performance and efficiency are crucial factors for sequence labeling tasks in many real-world scenarios. Although the pre-trained models (PTMs) have significantly improved the performance of various sequence labeling tasks, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Xiaonan Li , Yunfan Shao , Tianxiang Sun , Hang Yan , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang

By adding exiting layers to the deep learning networks, early exit can terminate the inference earlier with accurate results. The passive decision-making of whether to exit or continue the next layer has to go through every pre-placed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Xiangjie Li , Chenfei Lou , Zhengping Zhu , Yuchi Chen , Yingtao Shen , Yehan Ma , An Zou

Early Exiting is one of the most popular methods to achieve efficient inference. Current early exiting methods adopt the (weighted) sum of the cross entropy loss of all internal classifiers during training, imposing all these classifiers to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Ziqian Zeng , Yihuai Hong , Hongliang Dai , Huiping Zhuang , Cen Chen

The inference of large language models imposes significant computational workloads, often requiring the processing of billions of parameters. Although early-exit strategies have proven effective in reducing computational demands by halting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Sangmin Yoo , Srikanth Malla , Chiho Choi , Wei D. Lu , Joon Hee Choi

Early-Exit (EE) is a Large Language Model (LLM) architecture that accelerates inference by allowing easier tokens to be generated using only a subset of the model's layers. However, traditional batching frameworks are ill-suited for EE…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Xuting Liu , Daniel Alexander , Siva Kesava Reddy Kakarla , Behnaz Arzani , Vincent Liu

We explore advanced fine-tuning techniques to boost BERT's performance in sentiment analysis, paraphrase detection, and semantic textual similarity. Our approach leverages SMART regularization to combat overfitting, improves hyperparameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Pradyumna Saligram , Andrew Lanpouthakoun

Deploying large language model inference remains challenging due to their high computational overhead. Early exit optimizes model inference by adaptively reducing the number of inference layers. Current methods typically train internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Lianming Huang , Shangyu Wu , Yufei Cui , Ying Xiong , Haibo Hu , Xue Liu , Tei-Wei Kuo , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue
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