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This paper considers password generators, i.e. systems designed to generate site-specific passwords on demand. Such systems are an alternative to password managers. Over the last 15 years a range of password generator systems have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-07-18 Fatma AL Maqbali , Chris J Mitchell

The choice of password composition policy to enforce on a password-protected system represents a critical security decision, and has been shown to significantly affect the vulnerability of user-chosen passwords to guessing attacks. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Saul Johnson , João F. Ferreira , Alexandra Mendes , Julien Cordry

Password managers encourage users to generate passwords to improve their security. However, research has shown that users avoid generating passwords, often giving the rationale that it is difficult to enter generated passwords on devices…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-06 John Sadik , Scott Ruoti

Security questions are one of the mechanisms used to recover passwords. Strong answers to security questions (i.e. high entropy) are hard for attackers to guess or obtain using social engineering techniques (e.g. monitoring of social…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-26 Nicholas Micallef , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage

Considering computer systems, security is the major concern with usability. Security policies need to be developed to protect information from unauthorized access. Passwords and secrete codes used between users and information systems for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-27 Sharayu A. Aghav , RajneeshKaur Bedi

Passwords are undoubtedly the most dominant user authentication mechanism on the web today. Although they are inexpensive and easy-to-use, security concerns of password-based authentication are serious. Phishing and theft of password…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Klaudia Krawiecka , Arseny Kurnikov , Andrew Paverd , Mohammad Mannan , N. Asokan

Despite their well-known security problems, passwords are still the incumbent authentication method for virtually all online services. To remedy the situation, end-users are very often referred to password managers as a solution to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-27 Sanam Ghorbani Lyastani , Michael Schilling , Sascha Fahl , Sven Bugiel , Michael Backes

The security of passwords depends on a thorough understanding of the strategies used by attackers. Unfortunately, real-world adversaries use pragmatic guessing tactics like dictionary attacks, which are difficult to simulate in password…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Fangyi Yu , Miguel Vargas Martin

Strong passwords are fundamental to the security of password-based user authentication systems. In recent years, much effort has been made to evaluate password strength or to generate strong passwords. Unfortunately, the usability or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Yao Cheng , Chang Xu , Zhen Hai , Yingjiu Li

Given the choice, users produce passwords reflecting common strategies and patterns that ease recall but offer uncertain and often weak security. System-assigned passwords provide measurable security but suffer from poor memorability. To…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2015-03-10 Mahdi Nasrullah Al-Ameen , Matthew Wright , Shannon Scielzo

Using English words as passwords have been a popular topic in the last few years. The following article discusses a study to compare self-selection of the system-generated words for recognition and self-generated words for recall for nouns…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Hassan Wasfi , Richard Stone

Text password has long been the dominant user authentication technique and is used by large numbers of Internet services. If they follow recommended practice, users are faced with the almost insuperable problem of generating and managing a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-03-09 Fatma Al Maqbali , Chris J Mitchell

Password managers have the potential to help users more effectively manage their passwords and address many of the concerns surrounding password-based authentication, however prior research has identified significant vulnerabilities in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Sean Oesch , Scott Ruoti

State-of-the-art password guessing tools, such as HashCat and John the Ripper, enable users to check billions of passwords per second against password hashes. In addition to performing straightforward dictionary attacks, these tools can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Briland Hitaj , Paolo Gasti , Giuseppe Ateniese , Fernando Perez-Cruz

As network security issues continue gaining prominence, password security has become crucial in safeguarding personal information and network systems. This study first introduces various methods for system password cracking, outlines…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jiazhi Mo , Hailu Kuang , Xiaoqi Li

Password-based authentication faces various security and usability issues. Password managers help alleviate some of these issues by enabling users to manage their passwords effectively. However, malicious client-side scripts and browser…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Anuj Gautam , Tarun Kumar Yadav , Kent Seamons , Scott Ruoti

Passwords are a good idea, in theory. They have the potential to act as a fairly strong gateway. In practice though, passwords are plagued with problems. They are (1) easily shared, (2) trivial to observe and (3) maddeningly elusive when…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-08-25 Joseph Maguire , Karen Renaud

The major system is a mnemonic system that can be used to memorize sequences of numbers. In this work, we present a method to automatically generate sentences that encode a given number. We propose several encoding models and compare the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-09 Vincent Fiorentini , Megan Shao , Julie Medero

Much research has been done on user-generated textual passwords. Surprisingly, semantic information in such passwords remain under-investigated, with passwords created by English- and/or Chinese-speaking users being more studied with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Yangde Wang , Weidong Qiu , Peng Tang , Hao Tian , Shujun Li

It is practically impossible for users to memorize a large portfolio of strong and individual passwords for their online accounts. A solution is to generate passwords randomly and store them. Yet, storing passwords instead of memorizing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-04-27 Moritz Horsch , Johannes Braun , Dominique Metz , Johannes Buchmann