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Machine learning typically relies on the assumption that training and testing distributions are identical and that data is centrally stored for training and testing. However, in real-world scenarios, distributions may differ significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Ying Li , Xingwei Wang , Rongfei Zeng , Praveen Kumar Donta , Ilir Murturi , Min Huang , Schahram Dustdar

This work connects language model adaptation with concepts of machine learning theory. We consider a training setup with a large out-of-domain set and a small in-domain set. We derive how the benefit of training a model on either set…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 David Grangier , Dan Iter

Large language models have demonstrated promising performance across various software engineering tasks. While fine-tuning is a common practice to adapt these models for downstream tasks, it becomes challenging in resource-constrained…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Imam Nur Bani Yusuf , Lingxiao Jiang

Machine translation (MT) systems, especially when designed for an industrial setting, are trained with general parallel data derived from the Web. Thus, their style is typically driven by word/structure distribution coming from the average…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Thuy Vu , Alessandro Moschitti

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized both general natural language processing and domain-specific applications such as code synthesis, legal reasoning, and finance. However, while prior studies have explored individual model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Gunjan Das , Paheli Bhattacharya , Rishabh Gupta

Fine-tuning pre-trained Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models is the dominant approach for adapting to new languages and domains. However, fine-tuning requires adapting and maintaining a separate model for each target task. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Ankur Bapna , Naveen Arivazhagan , Orhan Firat

In Domain Generalization (DG) tasks, models are trained by using only training data from the source domains to achieve generalization on an unseen target domain, this will suffer from the distribution shift problem. So it's important to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Cheng Dai , Yingqiao Lin , Fan Li , Xiyao Li , Donglin Xie

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is a critical component in online learning, but traditional approaches face limitations in interpretability and cross-domain adaptability. This paper introduces Language Model-based Code Knowledge Tracing (CodeLKT),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Unggi Lee , Jiyeong Bae , Yeonji Jung , Minji Kang , Gyuri Byun , Yeonseo Lee , Dohee Kim , Sookbun Lee , Jaekwon Park , Taekyung Ahn , Gunho Lee , Hyeoncheol Kim

Many applications today use large language models for code generation; however, production systems have strict latency requirements that can be difficult to meet with large models. Small language models with a few billion parameters are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Renjini R. Nair , Damian K. Kowalczyk , Marco Gaudesi , Chhaya Methani

In real-world scenarios, achieving domain adaptation and generalization poses significant challenges, as models must adapt to or generalize across unknown target distributions. Extending these capabilities to unseen multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Hao Dong , Moru Liu , Kaiyang Zhou , Eleni Chatzi , Juho Kannala , Cyrill Stachniss , Olga Fink

While pretrained language models have exhibited impressive generalization capabilities, they still behave unpredictably under certain domain shifts. In particular, a model may learn a reasoning process on in-domain training data that does…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Prasann Singhal , Jarad Forristal , Xi Ye , Greg Durrett

Pretrained large generative language models have shown great performance on many tasks, but exhibit low compositional generalization abilities. Scaling such models has been shown to improve their performance on various NLP tasks even just…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Arian Hosseini , Ankit Vani , Dzmitry Bahdanau , Alessandro Sordoni , Aaron Courville

We present CoTexT, a pre-trained, transformer-based encoder-decoder model that learns the representative context between natural language (NL) and programming language (PL). Using self-supervision, CoTexT is pre-trained on large programming…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Long Phan , Hieu Tran , Daniel Le , Hieu Nguyen , James Anibal , Alec Peltekian , Yanfang Ye

Automating code documentation through explanatory text can prove highly beneficial in code understanding. Large Language Models (LLMs) have made remarkable strides in Natural Language Processing, especially within software engineering tasks…

This paper focuses on domain generalization (DG), the task of learning from multiple source domains a model that generalizes well to unseen domains. A main challenge for DG is that the available source domains often exhibit limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Kaiyang Zhou , Yongxin Yang , Timothy Hospedales , Tao Xiang

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), extensive research has been conducted to investigate the code generation capabilities of LLMs. However, existing efforts primarily focus on general-domain tasks, leaving LLMs' code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Dewu Zheng , Yanlin Wang , Ensheng Shi , Xilin Liu , Yuchi Ma , Hongyu Zhang , Zibin Zheng

As deep learning applications continue to become more diverse, an interesting question arises: Can general problem solving arise from jointly learning several such diverse tasks? To approach this question, deep multi-task learning is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Elliot Meyerson , Risto Miikkulainen

Transformer-based language models, including ChatGPT, have demonstrated exceptional performance in various natural language generation tasks. However, there has been limited research evaluating ChatGPT's keyphrase generation ability, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Roberto Martínez-Cruz , Alvaro J. López-López , José Portela

Machine learning models fail to perform well on real-world applications when 1) the category distribution P(Y) of the training dataset suffers from long-tailed distribution and 2) the test data is drawn from different conditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Xiao Gu , Yao Guo , Zeju Li , Jianing Qiu , Qi Dou , Yuxuan Liu , Benny Lo , Guang-Zhong Yang

Transferring knowledge across different datasets is an important approach to successfully train deep models with a small-scale target dataset or when few labeled instances are available. In this paper, we aim at developing a model that can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Eman T. Hassan , Xin Chen , David Crandall