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Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) allows an untrusted party to evaluate arithmetic cir- cuits, i.e., perform additions and multiplications on encrypted data, without having the decryp- tion key. One of the most efficient class of FHE…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Hao Chen

Traditional Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) schemes often suffer from prohibitive computational overhead and complex noise management. In this paper, we propose a novel symmetric FHE through a mechanism of plaintext fragmentation and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Mostefa Kara

Large language models (LLMs) power modern AI applications, but processing sensitive data on untrusted servers raises privacy concerns. Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables computation on encrypted data for secure inference. However, neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Matan Avitan , Moran Baruch , Nir Drucker , Itamar Zimerman , Yoav Goldberg

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a relatively recent advancement in the field of privacy-preserving technologies. FHE allows for the arbitrary depth computation of both addition and multiplication, and thus the application of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-29 George Onoufriou , Paul Mayfield , Georgios Leontidis

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables an entity to perform arbitrary computation on encrypted data without decrypting the ciphertexts. An ongoing group-theoretical approach to construct an FHE scheme uses a certain "compression"…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-04 Koji Nuida

This paper proposes a fully homomorphic encryption encapsulated difference expansion (FHEE-DE) scheme for reversible data hiding in encrypted domain (RDH-ED). In the proposed scheme, we use key-switching and bootstrapping techniques to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Yan Ke , Min-qing Zhang , Jia Liu , Ting-ting Su , Xiao-yuan Yang

Homomorphic encryption (HE) applied to a networked controller enables secure operation, but in most cases it allows for addition and multiplication over integers only, because of computation efficiency. Several related results deal with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-01 Junsoo Kim

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) has experienced significant development and continuous breakthroughs in theory, enabling its widespread application in various fields, like outsourcing computation and secure multi-party computing, in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Yanwei Gong , Xiaolin Chang , Jelena Mišić , Vojislav B. Mišić , Jianhua Wang , Haoran Zhu

This paper proposes a non-interactive end-to-end solution for secure fusion and matching of biometric templates using fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). Given a pair of encrypted feature vectors, we perform the following ciphertext…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Luke Sperling , Nalini Ratha , Arun Ross , Vishnu Naresh Boddeti

New cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption (HE) allow computations to be outsourced to and evaluated blindfolded in a resourceful cloud. These computations often require private data owned by multiple participants, engaging…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Asma Aloufi , Peizhao Hu , Yongsoo Song , Kristin Lauter

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) draws a significant attention as a privacy-preserving way for cloud computing because it allows computation on encrypted messages called ciphertexts. Among numerous HE schemes proposed, HE for Arithmetic of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Wonkyung Jung , Eojin Lee , Sangpyo Kim , Keewoo Lee , Namhoon Kim , Chohong Min , Jung Hee Cheon , Jung Ho Ahn

The widespread adoption of cloud infrastructures has revolutionised data storage and access. However, it has also raised concerns regarding the privacy of sensitive data stored in the cloud. To address these concerns, encryption techniques…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Ivone Amorim , Ivan Costa

Homomorphic encryption (HE) has found extensive utilization in federated learning (FL) systems, capitalizing on its dual advantages: (i) ensuring the confidentiality of shared models contributed by participating entities, and (ii) enabling…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Dongfang Zhao

Homomorphic encryption (HE)---the ability to perform computation on encrypted data---is an attractive remedy to increasing concerns about data privacy in deep learning (DL). However, building DL models that operate on ciphertext is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-03 Fabian Boemer , Yixing Lao , Rosario Cammarota , Casimir Wierzynski

Privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) solutions are gaining widespread popularity. Among these, many rely on homomorphic encryption (HE) that offers confidentiality of the model and the data, but at the cost of large latency and memory…

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows arbitrarily complex computations on encrypted data without ever needing to decrypt it, thus enabling us to maintain data privacy on third-party systems. Unfortunately, sustaining deep computations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Leo de Castro , Rashmi Agrawal , Rabia Yazicigil , Anantha Chandrakasan , Vinod Vaikuntanathan , Chiraag Juvekar , Ajay Joshi

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is a technique that enables statistical processing and machine learning while protecting data, including sensitive information collected by single board computers (SBCs), on a cloud server. Among FHE…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Marin Matsumoto , Ai Nozaki , Hideki Takase , Masato Oguchi

Federated fine-tuning is critical for improving the performance of large language models (LLMs) in handling domain-specific tasks while keeping training data decentralized and private. However, prior work has shown that clients' private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jianmin Liu , Li Yan , Borui Li , Lei Yu , Chao Shen

Privacy has gained a growing interest nowadays due to the increasing and unmanageable amount of produced confidential data. Concerns about the possibility of sharing data with third parties, to gain fruitful insights, beset enterprise…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Michela Iezzi

Federated Learning is a well-researched approach for collaboratively training machine learning models across decentralized data while preserving privacy. However, integrating Homomorphic Encryption to ensure data confidentiality introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Jiaxang Tang , Zeshan Fayyaz , Mohammad A. Salahuddin , Raouf Boutaba , Zhi-Li Zhang , Ali Anwar