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Related papers: Process Equivalence Problems as Energy Games

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The analysis of concurrent and reactive systems is based to a large degree on various notions of process equivalence, ranging, on the so-called linear-time/branching-time spectrum, from fine-grained equivalences such as strong bisimilarity…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-10-17 Alexander Kurz , Stefan Milius , Dirk Pattinson , Lutz Schröder

Many autonomous agents, such as intelligent vehicles, are inherently required to interact with one another. Game theory provides a natural mathematical tool for robot motion planning in such interactive settings. However, tractable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Xinjie Liu , Lasse Peters , Javier Alonso-Mora

As large language models (LLMs) like GPT become increasingly prevalent, it is essential that we assess their capabilities beyond language processing. This paper examines the economic rationality of GPT by instructing it to make budgetary…

General Economics · Economics 2023-11-07 Yiting Chen , Tracy Xiao Liu , You Shan , Songfa Zhong

Parity games have important practical applications in formal verification and synthesis, especially to solve the model-checking problem of the modal mu-calculus. They are also interesting from the theory perspective, because they are widely…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Tom van Dijk

Large language models can score well on named game-theory benchmarks while failing on the same strategic computation once semantic cues are removed. We show this gap with procedurally generated zero-sum matrix games: a model that recognizes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenhua Nie , Binhan Luo , Zijie Meng , Jyh-Shing Roger Jang , Ching-Wen Ma

Our ability to know when to trust the decisions made by machine learning systems has not kept up with the staggering improvements in their performance, limiting their applicability in high-stakes domains. We introduce Prover-Verifier Games…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Cem Anil , Guodong Zhang , Yuhuai Wu , Roger Grosse

We study the complexity of problems related to subgame-perfect equilibria (SPEs) in infinite duration non zero-sum multiplayer games played on finite graphs with parity objectives. We present new complexity results that close gaps in the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Léonard Brice , Marie van den Bogaard , Jean-François Raskin

Large language models (LLMs) are effective at answering questions that are clearly asked. However, when faced with ambiguous queries they can act unpredictably and produce incorrect outputs. This underscores the need for the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Yizhe Zhang , Jiarui Lu , Navdeep Jaitly

Within the framework of Game Theory, contests study decision-making in those situations or conflicts when rewards depend on the relative rank between contenders rather than their absolute performance. By relying on the formalism of Tullock…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-04-03 A. de Miguel-Arribas , J. Morón-Vidal , L. M. Floría , C. Gracia-Lázaro , L. Hernández , Y. Moreno

We frame the meta-learning of prediction procedures as a search for an optimal strategy in a two-player game. In this game, Nature selects a prior over distributions that generate labeled data consisting of features and an associated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-29 Alex Luedtke , Incheoul Chung , Oleg Sofrygin

Contextual equivalence is the de facto standard notion of program equivalence. A key theorem is that contextual equivalence is an equational theory. Making contextual equivalence more intensional, for example taking into account the time…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Beniamino Accattoli , Adrienne Lancelot , Giulio Manzonetto , Gabriele Vanoni

The ability to inferring latent psychological traits from human behavior is key to developing personalized human-interacting machine learning systems. Approaches to infer such traits range from surveys to manually-constructed experiments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Fan Yang , Liu Leqi , Yifan Wu , Zachary C. Lipton , Pradeep Ravikumar , William W. Cohen , Tom Mitchell

Two standard algorithms for approximately solving two-player zero-sum concurrent reachability games are value iteration and strategy iteration. We prove upper and lower bounds of 2^(m^(Theta(N))) on the worst case number of iterations…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-03-02 Kristoffer Arnsfelt Hansen , Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen , Peter Bro Miltersen

Banks routinely use neural networks to make decisions. While these models offer higher accuracy, they are susceptible to adversarial attacks, a risk often overlooked in the context of event sequences, particularly sequences of financial…

We study the inverse power index problem for weighted voting games: the problem of finding a weighted voting game in which the power of the players is as close as possible to a certain target distribution. Our goal is to find algorithms…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-07-02 Bart de Keijzer , Tomas B. Klos , Yingqian Zhang

The evaluation of open-ended responses in serious games presents a unique challenge, as correctness is often subjective. Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored as evaluators in such contexts, yet their accuracy and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Andrés Isaza-Giraldo , Paulo Bala , Lucas Pereira

Trace theory is a principled framework for defining equivalence relations for concurrent program runs based on a commutativity relation over the set of atomic steps taken by individual program threads. Its simplicity, elegance, and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Azadeh Farzan , Umang Mathur

Large Language Models (LLMs) show significant potential in economic and strategic interactions, where communication via natural language is often prevalent. This raises key questions: Do LLMs behave rationally? How do they perform compared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Eilam Shapira , Omer Madmon , Itamar Reinman , Samuel Joseph Amouyal , Roi Reichart , Moshe Tennenholtz

We investigate optimal decision making under imperfect recall, that is, when an agent forgets information it once held before. An example is the absentminded driver game, as well as team games in which the members have limited communication…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Emanuel Tewolde , Brian Hu Zhang , Caspar Oesterheld , Manolis Zampetakis , Tuomas Sandholm , Paul W. Goldberg , Vincent Conitzer

We consider games played on the transtion graph of concurrent programs running under the Total Store Order (TSO) weak memory model. Games are frequently used to model the interaction between a system and its environment, in this case…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Stephan Spengler