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In the field of artificial intelligence, AI models are frequently described as `black boxes' due to the obscurity of their internal mechanisms. It has ignited research interest on model interpretability, especially in attribution methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Zhiyu Zhu , Zhibo Jin , Jiayu Zhang , Huaming Chen

Attribution methods explain neural network predictions by identifying influential input features, but their evaluation suffers from threshold selection bias that can reverse method rankings and undermine conclusions. Current protocols…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Serra Aksoy

Conventionally, AI models are thought to trade off explainability for lower accuracy. We develop a training strategy that not only leads to a more explainable AI system for object classification, but as a consequence, suffers no perceptible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Andrea Zunino , Sarah Adel Bargal , Riccardo Volpi , Mehrnoosh Sameki , Jianming Zhang , Stan Sclaroff , Vittorio Murino , Kate Saenko

Interpreting the decisions of complex computer vision models is crucial to establish trust and accountability, especially in safety-critical domains. An established approach to interpretability is generating visual attribution maps that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 David Schinagl , Christian Fruhwirth-Reisinger , Alexander Prutsch , Samuel Schulter , Horst Possegger

Attribution methods compute importance scores for input features to explain model predictions. However, assessing the faithfulness of these methods remains challenging due to the absence of attribution ground truth to model predictions. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Peiyu Yang , Naveed Akhtar , Jiantong Jiang , Ajmal Mian

We present a method for neural network interpretability by combining feature attribution with counterfactual explanations to generate attribution maps that highlight the most discriminative features between pairs of classes. We show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Nils Eckstein , Alexander S. Bates , Gregory S. X. E. Jefferis , Jan Funke

To advance the transparency of learning machines such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), the field of Explainable AI (XAI) was established to provide interpretations of DNNs' predictions. While different explanation techniques exist, a popular…

Neural networks have shown remarkable performance in computer vision, but their deployment in numerous scientific and technical fields is challenging due to their black-box nature. Scientists and practitioners need to evaluate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Gabriel Kasmi , Laurent Dubus , Yves-Marie Saint Drenan , Philippe Blanc

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated remarkable success, yet their wide adoption is often hindered by their opaque decision-making. To address this, attribution methods have been proposed to assign relevance values to each part of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Danielle Cohen , Hila Chefer , Lior Wolf

Decision processes of computer vision models - especially deep neural networks - are opaque in nature, meaning that these decisions cannot be understood by humans. Thus, over the last years, many methods to provide human-understandable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Benjamin Fresz , Lena Lörcher , Marco Huber

Explaining the decisions of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model is increasingly critical in many real-world, high-stake applications. Hundreds of papers have either proposed new feature attribution methods, discussed or harnessed these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Giang Nguyen , Daeyoung Kim , Anh Nguyen

Despite the increasingly successful application of neural networks to many problems in the geosciences, their complex and nonlinear structure makes the interpretation of their predictions difficult, which limits model trust and does not…

Geophysics · Physics 2022-06-14 Antonios Mamalakis , Imme Ebert-Uphoff , Elizabeth A. Barnes

Deep learning shows promise for medical image analysis but lacks interpretability, hindering adoption in healthcare. Attribution techniques that explain model reasoning may increase trust in deep learning among clinical stakeholders. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Yusuf Brima , Marcellin Atemkeng

The field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) attempts to develop methods that provide insight into how complicated machine learning methods make predictions. Many methods of explanation have focused on the concept of feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Kurt Butler , Guanchao Feng , Petar M. Djuric

Deep Learning has already been successfully applied to analyze industrial sensor data in a variety of relevant use cases. However, the opaque nature of many well-performing methods poses a major obstacle for real-world deployment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Thomas Decker , Michael Lebacher , Volker Tresp

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing many areas of our lives, leading a new era of technological advancement. Particularly, the transportation sector would benefit from the progress in AI and advance the development of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Yanan Xin , Natasa Tagasovska , Fernando Perez-Cruz , Martin Raubal

The interpretability of deep neural networks is crucial for understanding model decisions in various applications, including computer vision. AttEXplore++, an advanced framework built upon AttEXplore, enhances attribution by incorporating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Zhiyu Zhu , Jiayu Zhang , Zhibo Jin , Huaming Chen , Jianlong Zhou , Fang Chen

There has been a recent push in making machine learning models more interpretable so that their performance can be trusted. Although successful, these methods have mostly focused on the deep learning methods while the fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 David Steinmann , Matej Zečević , Devendra Singh Dhami , Kristian Kersting

We study the problem of attributing the prediction of a deep network to its input features, a problem previously studied by several other works. We identify two fundamental axioms---Sensitivity and Implementation Invariance that attribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-14 Mukund Sundararajan , Ankur Taly , Qiqi Yan

Although modern machine learning and deep learning methods allow for complex and in-depth data analytics, the predictive models generated by these methods are often highly complex, and lack transparency. Explainable AI (XAI) methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Mythreyi Velmurugan , Chun Ouyang , Catarina Moreira , Renuka Sindhgatta