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We examine the combined effects of winds and photoionizing radiation from O--type stars on embedded stellar clusters formed in model turbulent molecular clouds covering a range of masses and radii. We find that feedback is able to increase…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-08-06 J. E. Dale , B. Ercolano , I. A. Bonnell

Motivated by the early excess of bright galaxies seen by JWST, we run zoom-in cosmological simulations of a massive galaxy at Cosmic Dawn, in a halo of $10^{11} M_\odot$ at $z = 9$, using the hydro-gravitational code RAMSES at an effective…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-08 Zachary Lee Andalman , Romain Teyssier , Avishai Dekel

We study the formation of star clusters in molecular clouds by performing three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations with far ultraviolet (FUV; $6 ~{\rm eV} \leqq h \nu \leqq 13.6 ~{\rm eV}$) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV; $h\nu…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-02-09 Hajime Fukushima , Hidenobu Yajima

Radiative and mechanical feedback of massive stars regulates star formation and galaxy evolution. Positive feedback triggers the creation of new stars by collecting dense shells of gas, while negative feedback disrupts star formation by…

We use three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to investigate the quasi-equilibrium states of galactic disks regulated by star formation feedback. We incorporate effects from massive-star feedback via time-varying heating…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-01-11 Chang-Goo Kim , Eve C. Ostriker

Star formation is inefficient. Only a few percent of the available gas in molecular clouds forms stars, leading to the observed low star formation rate (SFR). The same holds when averaged over many molecular clouds, such that the SFR of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-06-13 Christoph Federrath

We investigate how the removal of interstellar material by stellar feedback limits the efficiency of star formation in molecular clouds and how this determines the shape of the mass function of young star clusters. In particular, we derive…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 S. Michael Fall , Mark R. Krumholz , Christopher D. Matzner

We investigate how star formation efficiency can be significantly decreased by the removal of a molecular cloud's envelope by feedback from an external source. Feedback from star formation has difficulties halting the process in dense gas…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-02-01 William Lucas , Ian Bonnell , Duncan Forgan

We derive and compare six theoretical models for the star formation rate (SFR) - the Krumholz & McKee (KM), Padoan & Nordlund (PN), and Hennebelle & Chabrier (HC) models, and three multi-freefall versions of these, suggested by HC - all…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-13 Christoph Federrath , Ralf S. Klessen

We investigate star formation occurring in idealised giant molecular clouds, comparing structures that evolve in isolation versus those undergoing a collision. Two different collision speeds are investigated and the impact of photoionising…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-10-16 Kazuhiro Shima , Elizabeth J. Tasker , Christoph Federrath , Asao Habe

We study the star formation efficiency (SFE) in simulations and observations of turbulent, magnetized, molecular clouds. We find that the probability density functions (PDFs) of the density and the column density in our simulations with…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-01-14 Christoph Federrath , Ralf S. Klessen

We have developed a new scheme to treat a multiphase interstellar medium in smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of galaxy formation. This scheme can represent a co-spatial mixture of cold and hot ISM components, and is formulated…

We present numerical methods for including stellar feedback in galaxy-scale simulations. We include heating by SNe (I & II), gas recycling and shock-heating from O-star & AGB winds, HII photoionization, and radiation pressure from stellar…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-06-22 Philip F. Hopkins , Eliot Quataert , Norman Murray

We compile a holistic scenario for molecular cloud (MC) evolution and control of the star formation efficiency (SFE), and present a first set of numerical tests of it. A {\it lossy} compressible cascade can generate density fluctuations and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 E. Vazquez-Semadeni , J. Ballesteros-Paredes , R. S. Klessen

We discuss the dependence of various properties of the star formation rate (SFR) and efficiency (SFE) in molecular clouds (MCs) on the maximum mass reached by the clouds, based on a previously-published model for MC and SFR evolution in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Manuel Zamora-Avilés , Enrique Vázquez-Semadeni

We extend our previous SPH parameter study of the effects of photoionization from O-stars on star-forming clouds to include initially unbound clouds. We generate a set of model clouds in the mass range $10^{4}-10^{6}$M$_{\odot}$ with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-12 J. E. Dale , B. Ercolano , I. A. Bonnell

Stellar feedback influences the star formation rate (SFR) and the interstellar medium of galaxies in ways that are difficult to quantify numerically, because feedback is an essential ingredient of realistic simulations. To overcome this, we…

The star formation efficiency (SFE) measures the proportion of molecular gas converted into stars, while the star formation rate (SFR) indicates the rate at which gas is transformed into stars. Here we propose such a model in the framework…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-25 An-Xu Luo , Hong-Li Liu , Jin-Zeng Li

Context. Stellar feedback regulates star formation and shapes the interstellar medium, yet its role during the collapse of molecular clouds remains uncertain over a wide range of initial conditions. Aims. We explore how stellar winds and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-13 S. Jiménez , D. Kománek , R. Wünsch , J. Palouš , S. Ehlerová , S. Martínez-González , A. Srbljanović

To understand the impact of radiation feedback during the formation of a globular cluster (GC), we simulate a head-on collision of two turbulent giant molecular clouds (GMCs). A series of idealized radiation-hydrodynamic simulations is…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-08-24 Daniel Han , Taysun Kimm , Harley Katz , Julien Devriendt , Adrianne Slyz