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Federated learning (FL) is a popular privacy-preserving edge-to-cloud technique used for training and deploying artificial intelligence (AI) models on edge devices. FL aims to secure local client data while also collaboratively training a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Evan Gronberg , Liv d'Aliberti , Magnus Saebo , Aurora Hook

Distributed Collaborative Machine Learning (DCML) is a potential alternative to address the privacy concerns associated with centralized machine learning. The Split learning (SL) and Federated Learning (FL) are the two effective learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Aysha Thahsin Zahir Ismail , Raj Mani Shukla

In the distributed collaborative machine learning (DCML) paradigm, federated learning (FL) recently attracted much attention due to its applications in health, finance, and the latest innovations such as industry 4.0 and smart vehicles. FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Chandra Thapa , M. A. P. Chamikara , Seyit A. Camtepe

Federated Learning (FL) is a popular algorithm to train machine learning models on user data constrained to edge devices (for example, mobile phones) due to privacy concerns. Typically, FL is trained with the assumption that no part of the…

Federated learning (FL) is a popular distributed machine learning (ML) paradigm, but is often limited by significant communication costs and edge device computation capabilities. Federated Split Learning (FSL) preserves the parallel model…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Yujia Mu , Cong Shen

Federated learning (FL) enables learning a global machine learning model from local data distributed among a set of participating workers. This makes it possible i) to train more accurate models due to learning from rich joint training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Najeeb Jebreel , Josep Domingo-Ferrer

In terms of artificial intelligence, there are several security and privacy deficiencies in the traditional centralized training methods of machine learning models by a server. To address this limitation, federated learning (FL) has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Yao Chen , Yijie Gui , Hong Lin , Wensheng Gan , Yongdong Wu

Split Federated Learning (SFL) is a distributed machine learning paradigm that combines federated learning and split learning. In SFL, a neural network is partitioned at a cut layer, with the initial layers deployed on clients and remaining…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Justin Dachille , Chao Huang , Xin Liu

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning paradigm proposed for privacy preservation. Unlike traditional centralized learning approaches, FL enables multiple users to collaboratively train a shared global model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Hangyu Zhu , Liyuan Huang , Zhenping Xie

Federated Learning (FL) has been gaining popularity as a collaborative learning framework to train deep learning-based object detection models over a distributed population of clients. Despite its advantages, FL is vulnerable to model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Ka-Ho Chow , Ling Liu , Wenqi Wei , Fatih Ilhan , Yanzhao Wu

Federated Learning (FL) often adopts differential privacy (DP) to protect client data, but the added noise required for privacy guarantees can substantially degrade model accuracy. To resolve this challenge, we propose model-splitting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yiwei Li , Shuai Wang , Zhuojun Tian , Xiuhua Wang , Shijian Su

Split Federated Learning (SFL) is renowned for its privacy-preserving nature and low computational overhead among decentralized machine learning paradigms. In this framework, clients employ lightweight models to process private data locally…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jiaxiong Tang , Zhengchunmin Dai , Liantao Wu , Peng Sun , Honglong Chen , Zhenfu Cao

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm that enhances users privacy by eliminating the need for clients to share raw, private data with the server. Despite the success, recent studies expose the vulnerability of FL to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Jing Wu , Munawar Hayat , Mingyi Zhou , Mehrtash Harandi

To enable training of large artificial intelligence (AI) models at the network edge, split federated learning (SFL) has emerged as a promising approach by distributing computation between edge devices and a server. However, while unstable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Wei Wei , Zheng Lin , Xihui Liu , Hongyang Du , Dusit Niyato , Xianhao Chen

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning (ML) approach that enables multiple decentralized devices or edge servers to collaboratively train a shared model without exchanging raw data. During the training and sharing of model updates…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Ehsan Nowroozi , Imran Haider , Rahim Taheri , Mauro Conti

Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning paradigm enabling multiple clients to train a global model collaboratively without sharing their raw data. While FL enhances data privacy by design, it remains vulnerable…

Nowadays, AI companies improve service quality by aggressively collecting users' data generated by edge devices, which jeopardizes data privacy. To prevent this, Federated Learning is proposed as a private learning scheme, using which users…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Jingtao Li , Runcong Kuang

Split federated learning (SFL) is a recent distributed approach for collaborative model training among multiple clients. In SFL, a global model is typically split into two parts, where clients train one part in a parallel federated manner,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Pengchao Han , Chao Huang , Geng Tian , Ming Tang , Xin Liu

In recent years, data are typically distributed in multiple organizations while the data security is becoming increasingly important. Federated Learning (FL), which enables multiple parties to collaboratively train a model without…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Ji Liu , Xuehai Zhou , Lei Mo , Shilei Ji , Yuan Liao , Zheng Li , Qin Gu , Dejing Dou

Split Federated Learning (SFL) has recently emerged as a promising distributed learning technology, leveraging the strengths of both federated and split learning. It emphasizes the advantages of rapid convergence while addressing privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Joohyung Lee , Mohamed Seif , Jungchan Cho , H. Vincent Poor