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Accurate diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors, starting with histopathology, presents unique challenges for deep learning, including severe data scarcity, class imbalance, and fine-grained morphologic overlap across diagnostically distinct…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Joakim Nguyen , Jian Yu , Jinrui Fang , Nicholas Konz , Tianlong Chen , Sanjay Krishnan , Chandra Krishnan , Ying Ding , Hairong Wang , Ankita Shukla

Recent advances in whole-slide image (WSI) scanners and computational capabilities have significantly propelled the application of artificial intelligence in histopathology slide analysis. While these strides are promising, current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Weiyi Wu , Chongyang Gao , Joseph DiPalma , Soroush Vosoughi , Saeed Hassanpour

The emergence of foundation models in computational pathology has transformed histopathological image analysis, with whole slide imaging (WSI) diagnosis being a core application. Traditionally, weakly supervised fine-tuning via multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Jiawen Li , Jiali Hu , Qiehe Sun , Renao Yan , Minxi Ouyang , Tian Guan , Anjia Han , Chao He , Yonghong He

Fine-grained classification of whole slide images (WSIs) is essential in precision oncology, enabling precise cancer diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies. The core of this task involves distinguishing subtle morphological…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Cheng Jin , Luyang Luo , Huangjing Lin , Jun Hou , Hao Chen

Histopathology whole slide images (WSIs) play a very important role in clinical studies and serve as the gold standard for many cancer diagnoses. However, generating automatic tools for processing WSIs is challenging due to their enormous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Jingwei Zhang , Xin Zhang , Ke Ma , Rajarsi Gupta , Joel Saltz , Maria Vakalopoulou , Dimitris Samaras

Recent advancements in computational pathology and artificial intelligence have significantly improved whole slide image (WSI) classification. However, the gigapixel resolution of WSIs and the scarcity of manual annotations present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Mingxi Ouyang , Yuqiu Fu , Renao Yan , ShanShan Shi , Xitong Ling , Lianghui Zhu , Yonghong He , Tian Guan

Computational methods on analyzing Whole Slide Images (WSIs) enable early diagnosis and treatments by supporting pathologists in detection and classification of tumors. However, the extremely high resolution of WSIs makes end-to-end…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Umar Marikkar , Muhammad Awais , Sara Atito

Histopathology image analysis is the golden standard of clinical diagnosis for Cancers. In doctors daily routine and computer-aided diagnosis, the Whole Slide Image (WSI) of histopathology tissue is used for analysis. Because of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Honglin Li , Yunlong Zhang , Chenglu Zhu , Jiatong Cai , Sunyi Zheng , Lin Yang

Histopathological whole slide image (WSI) analysis with deep learning has become a research focus in computational pathology. The current paradigm is mainly based on multiple instance learning (MIL), in which approaches with Transformer as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Hongbo Chu , Qiehe Sun , Jiawen Li , Yuxuan Chen , Lizhong Zhang , Tian Guan , Anjia Han , Yonghong He

Multiple instance learning (MIL) models have achieved remarkable success in analyzing whole slide images (WSIs) for disease classification problems. However, with regard to gigapixel WSI classification problems, current MIL models are often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Ziyu Su , Mostafa Rezapour , Usama Sajjad , Metin Nafi Gurcan , Muhammad Khalid Khan Niazi

The first step in Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) algorithms for Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification consists of tiling the input image into smaller patches and computing their feature vectors produced by a pre-trained feature extractor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Juan I. Pisula , Katarzyna Bozek

Whole-slide image (WSI) classification is a challenging task because 1) patches from WSI lack annotation, and 2) WSI possesses unnecessary variability, e.g., stain protocol. Recently, Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL) has made significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Joohyung Lee , Heejeong Nam , Kwanhyung Lee , Sangchul Hahn

Bag-based Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) approaches have emerged as the mainstream methodology for Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification. However, most existing methods adopt a segmented training strategy, which first extracts features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Jiangping Wen , Jinyu Wen , Meie Fang

Computer-aided Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification has the potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of clinical pathological diagnosis. It is commonly formulated as a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem, where each WSI is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Linhao Qu , Shiman Li , Xiaoyuan Luo , Shaolei Liu , Qinhao Guo , Manning Wang , Zhijian Song

Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) has become a gold standard in cancer diagnosis, inspecting multi-scale information from cellular to tissue levels. Processing an entire WSI directly is infeasible due to GPU memory constraints; thus, Multiple…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Tianyi Zhang , Sicheng Chen , Borui Kang , Dankai Liao , Qiaochu Xue , Bochong Zhang , Fei Xia , Zeyu Liu , Yueming Jin

Since the emergence of the ImageNet dataset, the pretraining and fine-tuning approach has become widely adopted in computer vision due to the ability of ImageNet-pretrained models to learn a wide variety of visual features. However, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Pablo Meseguer , Rocío del Amor , Adrian Colomer , Valery Naranjo

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a key algorithm for classification of whole slide images (WSI). Histology WSIs can have billions of pixels, which create enormous computational and annotation challenges. Typically, such images are…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-03 Andriy Myronenko , Ziyue Xu , Dong Yang , Holger Roth , Daguang Xu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are emerging as a promising direction in computational pathology, the substantial computational cost of giga-pixel Whole Slide Images (WSIs) necessitates the use of Multi-Instance Learning (MIL) to enable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zhenfeng Zhuang , Fangyu Zhou , Liansheng Wang

Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification has very significant applications in clinical pathology, e.g., tumor identification and cancer diagnosis. Currently, most research attention is focused on Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) using static…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Jiaxiang Gou , Luping Ji , Pei Liu , Mao Ye

In computational pathology, multiple instance learning (MIL) is widely used to circumvent the computational impasse in giga-pixel whole slide image (WSI) analysis. It usually consists of two stages: patch-level feature extraction and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-21 Beidi Zhao , Wenlong Deng , Zi Han , Li , Chen Zhou , Zuhua Gao , Gang Wang , Xiaoxiao Li