Related papers: Compact and Divisible E-Cash with Threshold Issuan…
Electronic cash (e-cash) is a digital alternative to physical currency that allows anonymous transactions between users and merchants. Typically, coins in an e-cash scheme are only dispensed through a central bank. A drawback of this…
In recent years, electronic retail payment mechanisms, especially e-commerce and card payments at the point of sale, have increasingly replaced cash in many developed countries. As a result, societies are losing a critical public retail…
We present a scalable architecture for electronic retail payments via central bank digital currency and offer a solution to the perceived conflict between robust regulatory oversight and consumer affordances such as privacy and control. Our…
Numerous electronic cash schemes have been proposed over the years - however none have been embraced by financial institutions as an alternative to fiat currency. David Chaum's ecash scheme was the closest to something that mimicked a…
We study the problem of preventing double spending in electronic payment schemes in a distributed fashion. This problem occurs, for instance, when the spending of electronic coins needs to be controlled by a large collection of nodes (eg.…
Inspired by Bitcoin, many different kinds of cryptocurrencies based on blockchain technology have turned up on the market. Due to the special structure of the blockchain, it has been deemed impossible to directly trade between traditional…
E-cash was invented in 1982 by David Chaum as an anonymous cryptographic electronic cash system based on blind signatures. It is not a decentralized form of money as Bitcoin. It requires trust on the server or Mint issuing the e-cash tokens…
Decentralized marketplace applications demand fast, cheap and easy-to-use cryptocurrency payment mechanisms to facilitate high transaction volumes. The standard solution for off-chain payments, state channels, are optimized for frequent…
The European Central Bank is preparing for the potential issuance of a central bank digital currency (CBDC), called the digital euro. A recent regulatory proposal by the European Commission defines several requirements for the digital euro,…
By comparing cryptocurrencies with other existing payment methods, including banknotes and bank cards, it is clear that the use of Bitcoin and its competitors (Ethereum, \dots) is almost insignificant in world trade. We may also note that…
Blockchain-based cryptocurrencies, facilitating the convenience of payment by providing a decentralized online solution, have not been widely adopted so far due to slow confirmation of transactions. Offline delegation offers an efficient…
A trusted electronic election system requires that all the involved information must go public, that is, it focuses not only on transparency but also privacy issues. In other words, each ballot should be counted anonymously, correctly, and…
With the rapid growth of Information and Communication Technology, Electronic commerce is now acting as a new means of carrying out business transactions through electronic means such as Internet environment. To avoid the complexities…
The last decade has seen a variety of Asset-Transfer systems designed for decentralized environments. To address the problem of double-spending, these systems inherently make strong model assumptions and spend a lot of resources. In this…
Among the now numerous alternative cryptocurrencies derived from Bitcoin, Zcash is often touted as the one with the strongest anonymity guarantees, due to its basis in well-regarded cryptographic research. In this paper, we examine the…
The use of digital money has become increasingly popular, but it comes with certain drawbacks. For instance, it can be challenging to make payments during power outages or internet failures. Additionally, some groups may find it difficult…
E-commerce in today's conditions has the highest dependence on network infrastructure of banking. However, when the possibility of communicating with the Banking network is not provided, business activities will suffer. This paper proposes…
Blockchain technology has spawned a vast ecosystem of digital currencies with Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) -- digital forms of fiat currency -- being one of them. An important feature of digital currencies is facilitating…
Digital money can be implemented efficiently by avoiding consensus. However, no-consensus implementations have drawbacks, as they cannot support smart contracts, and (even more fundamentally) they cannot deal with conflicting transactions.…
We characterize digital cash as the digital equivalent of physical cash: secure, fungible, decentralized, directly controlled, privacy-preserving; but enhanced with qualitatively new functionality. It is extremely efficiently transferable…