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The Photon Counting Histogram Expectation Maximization (PCH-EM) algorithm has recently been reported as a candidate method for the characterization of Deep Sub-Electron Read Noise (DSERN) image sensors. This work describes a comprehensive…
Many optical measurement techniques, such as light scattering from wavelength-scale particles or detecting motion from a surface with an optical lever, encode information in a complex radiation pattern. Extracting all available information…
Working from a model of Gaussian pixel noise, we present and unify over twenty-five years of developments in the statistical analysis of the photon transfer conversion gain measurement. We then study a two-sample estimator of the conversion…
Multiple-Amplifier Sensing (MAS) charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have recently been shown to be promising silicon detectors that meet noise sensitivity requirements for next generation Stage-5 spectroscopic surveys and potentially, future…
The main argument against the reality of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum fluctuations is that they do not activate photon detectors. In order to met this objection I propose a model of photocounting which, in the simple case of a light…
Despite inherently poor interlayer conductivity, photodetectors made from few-layer devices of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as WSe$_2$ and MoS$_2$ can still yield a desirably fast ($\leq$90 ps) and efficient…
The impulsive noise in astronomical images originates from various sources. It develops as a result of thermal generation in pixels, collision of cosmic rays with image sensor or may be induced by high readout voltage in Electron…
X-ray is a ubiquitous imaging modality in clinical diagnostics and industrial inspections, thanks to its high penetration power. Conventional x-ray imaging system, equipped with energy-integrating detectors, collects approximately 1000 to…
Efficient conversion of photons to electrical energy has a wide variety of applications including imaging, energy harvesting, and infrared detection. The coupling of electromagnetic radiation to free electron oscillations at a metal…
We theoretically demonstrate that detectors endowed with internal gain and operated in regimes in which they do not necessarily behave as photon-counters, but still ensure linear input/output responses, can allow a self-consistent…
We provide a compendium of the quantum mechanical equations for photon emission rates, photon absorption cross sections, and photon scattering cross sections. For each case, the different equations that apply for discrete or continuous…
OPTIMA is a small, versatile high-speed photometer which is primarily intended for time resolved observations of young high energy pulsars at optical wavelengths. The detector system consists of eight fiber fed photon counters based on…
In superconducting circuit architectures for quantum computing, microwave resonators are often used both to isolate qubits from the electromagnetic environment and to facilitate qubit state readout. We analyze the full counting statistics…
Intensity correlation measurements form the basis of many experiments based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion. In the most common situation, two single-photon avalanche diodes and coincidence electronics are used in the detection of…
We have developed a non-destructive readout system that uses a floating-gate amplifier on a thick, fully depleted charge coupled device (CCD) to achieve ultra-low readout noise of 0.068 e- rms/pix. This is the first time that discrete…
Future data provided by the Euclid mission will allow us to better understand the cosmic history of the Universe. A metric of its performance is the figure-of-merit (FoM) of dark energy, usually estimated with Fisher forecasts. The expected…
Superconducting transition-edge sensors (TES) are extremely sensitive microcalorimeters used as photon detectors with unparalleled energy resolution. They have found application from measuring astronomical spectra through to determining the…
Photon counting CT (PCCT) has been a research focus in the last two decades. Recent studies and advancements have demonstrated that systems using semiconductor-based photon counting detectors (PCDs) have the potential to provide better…
Probabilistic amplification through photon addition, at the output of an Mach-Zehnder interferometer is discussed for a coherent input state. When a metric of signal to noise ratio is considered, nondeterministic, noiseless amplification of…
In order to enhance LIDAR performance metrics such as target detection sensitivity, noise resilience and ranging accuracy, we exploit the strong temporal correlation within the photon pairs generated in continuous-wave pumped semiconductor…