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This paper provides an integrated perspective on addressing key challenges in developing reliable and secure Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. In this paper, we present an integrated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Nouhaila Innan , Muhammad Kashif , Alberto Marchisio , Mohamed Bennai , Muhammad Shafique

Quantum Federated Learning (QFL) has gained significant attention due to quantum computing and machine learning advancements. As the demand for QFL continues to surge, there is a pressing need to comprehend its intricacies in distributed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-29 Dev Gurung , Shiva Raj Pokhrel , Gang Li

Quantum federated learning (QFL) merges the privacy advantages of federated systems with the computational potential of quantum neural networks (QNNs), yet its vulnerability to adversarial attacks remains poorly understood. This work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Walid El Maouaki , Nouhaila Innan , Alberto Marchisio , Taoufik Said , Mohamed Bennai , Muhammad Shafique

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across multiple parties without sharing raw data, with semi-asynchronous FL (SAFL) emerging as a balanced approach between synchronous and asynchronous FL. However, SAFL faces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yunbo Li , Jiaping Gui , Zhihang Deng , Fanchao Meng , Yue Wu

In recent years, the field of quantum science has attracted significant interest across various disciplines, including quantum machine learning, quantum communication, and quantum computing. Among these emerging areas, quantum federated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-11 Won Joon Yun , Hankyul Baek , Joongheon Kim

Quantum machine learning (QML) is promising for potential speedups and improvements in conventional machine learning (ML) tasks (e.g., classification/regression). The search for ideal QML models is an active research field. This includes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-07 Mahabubul Alam , Swaroop Ghosh

Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms appear to be the most promising approach for near-term quantum applications. An important bottleneck is the classical optimization loop, where the multiple local minima and the emergence of barren…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-23 Ioannis Kolotouros , Petros Wallden

Federated learning (FL), as a distributed collaborative machine learning (ML) framework under privacy-preserving constraints, has garnered increasing research attention in cross-organizational data collaboration scenarios. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Wenyou Guo , Ting Qu , Chunrong Pan , George Q. Huang

Federated learning enables a collaborative training and optimization of global models among a group of devices without sharing local data samples. However, the heterogeneity of data in federated learning can lead to unfair representation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Weikang Chen , Junping Du , Yingxia Shao , Jia Wang , Yangxi Zhou

Federated learning involves training statistical models in massive, heterogeneous networks. Naively minimizing an aggregate loss function in such a network may disproportionately advantage or disadvantage some of the devices. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Tian Li , Maziar Sanjabi , Ahmad Beirami , Virginia Smith

Gradient-based optimizers have been proposed for training variational quantum circuits in settings such as quantum neural networks (QNNs). The task of gradient estimation, however, has proven to be challenging, primarily due to distinctive…

Quantum Federated Learning (QFL) offers a promising framework to train quantum models across distributed clients while keeping data strictly local. Due to its simplicity and low communication overhead, Federated Averaging (FedAvg) is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Hoang M. Ngo , Quan Nguyen , Wanli Xing , My T. Thai

Federated Learning (FL) is an emerging learning scheme that allows different distributed clients to train deep neural networks together without data sharing. Neural networks have become popular due to their unprecedented success. To the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Baihe Huang , Xiaoxiao Li , Zhao Song , Xin Yang

This paper proposes an algorithm for Federated Learning (FL) with a two-layer structure that achieves both variance reduction and a faster convergence rate to an optimal solution in the setting where each agent has an arbitrary probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 M. R. Rostami , S. S. Kia

Quantum Federated Learning (QFL) merges privacy-preserving federation with quantum computing gains, yet its resilience to adversarial noise is unknown. We first show that QFL is as fragile as centralized quantum learning. We propose Robust…

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning paradigm in which a large number of clients coordinate with a central server to learn a model without sharing their own training data. One central server is not enough, due to…

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) represent a promising approach to utilizing current quantum computing infrastructures. VQAs are based on a parameterized quantum circuit optimized in a closed loop via a classical algorithm. This hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 David Fitzek , Robert S. Jonsson , Werner Dobrautz , Christian Schäfer

Recent advancements in quantum computing, alongside successful deployments of quantum communication, hold promises for revolutionizing mobile networks. While Quantum Machine Learning (QML) presents opportunities, it contends with challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 Himanshu Sahu , Hari Prabhat Gupta

Federated learning (FL) aims at optimizing a shared global model over multiple edge devices without transmitting (private) data to the central server. While it is theoretically well-known that FL yields an optimal model -- centrally trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Youngjoon Lee , Sangwoo Park , Joonhyuk Kang

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging machine learning method that can be applied in mobile edge systems, in which a server and a host of clients collaboratively train a statistical model utilizing the data and computation resources of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Howard H. Yang , Zuozhu Liu , Yaru Fu , Tony Q. S. Quek , H. Vincent Poor