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In the vanishing learning rate regime, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is now relatively well understood. In this work, we propose to study the basic properties of SGD and its variants in the non-vanishing learning rate regime. The focus…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-14 Kangqiao Liu , Liu Ziyin , Masahito Ueda

The question of how to parallelize the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method has received much attention in the literature. In this paper, we focus instead on batch methods that use a sizeable fraction of the training set at each…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-10-26 Albert S. Berahas , Jorge Nocedal , Martin Takáč

We study statistical inverse learning in the context of nonlinear inverse problems under random design. Specifically, we address a class of nonlinear problems by employing gradient descent (GD) and stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-24 Abhishake , Nicole Mücke , Tapio Helin

We propose a new framework, inspired by random matrix theory, for analyzing the dynamics of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) when both number of samples and dimensions are large. This framework applies to any fixed stepsize and the finite…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-09 Courtney Paquette , Kiwon Lee , Fabian Pedregosa , Elliot Paquette

A framework previously introduced in [3] for solving a sequence of stochastic optimization problems with bounded changes in the minimizers is extended and applied to machine learning problems such as regression and classification. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Craig Wilson , Yuheng Bu , Venugopal Veeravalli

Stochastic gradient descent updates parameters with summation gradient computed from a random data batch. This summation will lead to unbalanced training process if the data we obtained is unbalanced. To address this issue, this paper takes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Tao Yi , Xingxuan Wang

Increasing the mini-batch size for stochastic gradient descent offers significant opportunities to reduce wall-clock training time, but there are a variety of theoretical and systems challenges that impede the widespread success of this…

We propose a stochastic modified equations (SME) for modeling the asynchronous stochastic gradient descent (ASGD) algorithms. The resulting SME of Langevin type extracts more information about the ASGD dynamics and elucidates the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-04 Jing An , Jianfeng Lu , Lexing Ying

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) methods see many uses in optimization problems. Modifications to the algorithm, such as momentum-based SGD methods have been known to produce better results in certain cases. Much of this, however, is due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Eric Lu

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a cornerstone algorithm for high-dimensional optimization, renowned for its empirical successes. Recent theoretical advances have provided a deep understanding of how SGD enables feature learning in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-23 Nived Rajaraman , Yanjun Han

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a promising method for solving large-scale inverse problems, due to its excellent scalability with respect to data size. In this work, we analyze a new data-driven regularized stochastic gradient descent…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-30 Zehui Zhou

We prove closed-form equations for the exact high-dimensional asymptotics of a family of first order gradient-based methods, learning an estimator (e.g. M-estimator, shallow neural network, ...) from observations on Gaussian data with…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-11-24 Cedric Gerbelot , Emanuele Troiani , Francesca Mignacco , Florent Krzakala , Lenka Zdeborova

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm is the method of choice in many machine learning tasks thanks to its scalability and efficiency in dealing with large-scale problems. In this paper, we focus on the shuffling version of SGD which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Lam M. Nguyen , Trang H. Tran

Recent works have shown that high probability metrics with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) exhibit informativeness and in some cases advantage over the commonly adopted mean-square error-based ones. In this work we provide a formal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Dragana Bajovic , Dusan Jakovetic , Soummya Kar

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is a widely deployed optimization procedure throughout data-driven and simulation-driven disciplines, which has drawn a substantial interest in understanding its global behavior across a broad class of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-02 Vivak Patel , Shushu Zhang

Decentralized stochastic gradient descent (D-SGD) allows collaborative learning on massive devices simultaneously without the control of a central server. However, existing theories claim that decentralization invariably undermines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Tongtian Zhu , Fengxiang He , Kaixuan Chen , Mingli Song , Dacheng Tao

We study the power of learning via mini-batch stochastic gradient descent (SGD) on the population loss, and batch Gradient Descent (GD) on the empirical loss, of a differentiable model or neural network, and ask what learning problems can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Emmanuel Abbe , Pritish Kamath , Eran Malach , Colin Sandon , Nathan Srebro

The learning rate is an important tuning parameter for stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and can greatly influence its performance. However, appropriate selection of a learning rate schedule across all iterations typically requires a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Nikola Surjanovic , Alexandre Bouchard-Côté , Trevor Campbell

Stochastic gradient descent plays a fundamental role in nearly all applications of deep learning. However its ability to converge to a global minimum remains shrouded in mystery. In this paper we propose to study the behavior of the loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Mark Sandler , Andrey Zhmoginov , Max Vladymyrov , Nolan Miller

Asynchronous stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is attractive from a speed perspective because workers do not wait for synchronization. However, the Transformer model converges poorly with asynchronous SGD, resulting in substantially lower…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Alham Fikri Aji , Kenneth Heafield