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We analyze a batched variant of Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with weighted sampling distribution for smooth and non-smooth objective functions. We show that by distributing the batches computationally, a significant speedup in the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-03-02 Deanna Needell , Rachel Ward

I study the estimation of semiparametric monotone index models in the scenario where the number of observation points $n$ is extremely large and conventional approaches fail to work due to heavy computational burdens. Motivated by the…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-10-31 Qingsong Yao

This paper presents a methodology for selecting the mini-batch size that minimizes Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) learning time for single and multiple learner problems. By decoupling algorithmic analysis issues from hardware and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Michael P. Perrone , Haidar Khan , Changhoan Kim , Anastasios Kyrillidis , Jerry Quinn , Valentina Salapura

Stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGDM) has been widely used in many machine learning and statistical applications. Despite the observed empirical benefits of SGDM over traditional SGD, the theoretical understanding of the role of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Kejie Tang , Weidong Liu , Yichen Zhang , Xi Chen

We study to what extent may stochastic gradient descent (SGD) be understood as a "conventional" learning rule that achieves generalization performance by obtaining a good fit to training data. We consider the fundamental stochastic convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Tomer Koren , Roi Livni , Yishay Mansour , Uri Sherman

Asynchronous stochastic gradient descent (ASGD) is a standard way to exploit heterogeneous compute resources in distributed learning: instead of forcing fast workers to wait for slow ones, the server updates the model whenever a gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Ammar Mahran , Artavazd Maranjyan , Peter Richtárik

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is an important algorithm in machine learning. With constant learning rates, it is a stochastic process that, after an initial phase of convergence, generates samples from a stationary distribution. We show…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-12 Stephan Mandt , Matthew D. Hoffman , David M. Blei

Iterative procedures for parameter estimation based on stochastic gradient descent allow the estimation to scale to massive data sets. However, in both theory and practice, they suffer from numerical instability. Moreover, they are…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-06-08 Panos Toulis , Dustin Tran , Edoardo M. Airoldi

Sketching and stochastic gradient methods are arguably the most common techniques to derive efficient large scale learning algorithms. In this paper, we investigate their application in the context of nonparametric statistical learning.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-01-25 Luigi Carratino , Alessandro Rudi , Lorenzo Rosasco

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and its Ruppert-Polyak averaged variant (ASGD) lie at the heart of modern large-scale learning, yet their theoretical properties in high-dimensional settings are rarely understood. In this paper, we provide…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-15 Jiaqi Li , Zhipeng Lou , Johannes Schmidt-Hieber , Wei Biao Wu

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a popular algorithm for minimizing objective functions that arise in machine learning. For constant step-sized SGD, the iterates form a Markov chain on a general state space. Focusing on a class of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-26 David Shirokoff , Philip Zaleski

We propose a general yet simple theorem describing the convergence of SGD under the arbitrary sampling paradigm. Our theorem describes the convergence of an infinite array of variants of SGD, each of which is associated with a specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Robert Mansel Gower , Nicolas Loizou , Xun Qian , Alibek Sailanbayev , Egor Shulgin , Peter Richtarik

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is the workhorse of modern machine learning. Sometimes, there are many different potential gradient estimators that can be used. When so, choosing the one with the best tradeoff between cost and variance is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Tomas Geffner , Justin Domke

We introduce data structures for solving robust regression through stochastic gradient descent (SGD) by sampling gradients with probability proportional to their norm, i.e., importance sampling. Although SGD is widely used for large scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Sepideh Mahabadi , David P. Woodruff , Samson Zhou

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is a central tool in machine learning. We prove that SGD converges to zero loss, even with a fixed (non-vanishing) learning rate - in the special case of homogeneous linear classifiers with smooth monotone…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-19 Mor Shpigel Nacson , Nathan Srebro , Daniel Soudry

It has been experimentally observed that distributed implementations of mini-batch stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithms exhibit speedup saturation and decaying generalization ability beyond a particular batch-size. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Dong Yin , Ashwin Pananjady , Max Lam , Dimitris Papailiopoulos , Kannan Ramchandran , Peter Bartlett

We study how the batch size affects the total gradient variance in differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD), seeking a theoretical explanation for the usefulness of large batch sizes. As DP-SGD is the basis of modern DP…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-20 Ossi Räisä , Joonas Jälkö , Antti Honkela

The goal of this paper is to accelerate the training of machine learning models, a critical challenge since the training of large-scale deep neural models can be computationally expensive. Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its variants…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yuen Chen , Yian Wang , Hari Sundaram

This work characterizes the benefits of averaging schemes widely used in conjunction with stochastic gradient descent (SGD). In particular, this work provides a sharp analysis of: (1) mini-batching, a method of averaging many samples of a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-01 Prateek Jain , Sham M. Kakade , Rahul Kidambi , Praneeth Netrapalli , Aaron Sidford

We develop methods for parameter estimation in settings with large-scale data sets, where traditional methods are no longer tenable. Our methods rely on stochastic approximations, which are computationally efficient as they maintain one…

Computation · Statistics 2015-09-23 Dustin Tran , Panos Toulis , Edoardo M. Airoldi