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In this paper, we prove that in the overparametrized regime, deep neural network provide universal approximations and can interpolate any data set, as long as the activation function is locally in $L^1(\RR)$ and not an affine function.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Vlad-Raul Constantinescu , Ionel Popescu

The recent success of neural network models has shone light on a rather surprising statistical phenomenon: statistical models that perfectly fit noisy data can generalize well to unseen test data. Understanding this phenomenon of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-13 Niladri S. Chatterji , Philip M. Long , Peter L. Bartlett

We consider interpolation learning in high-dimensional linear regression with Gaussian data, and prove a generic uniform convergence guarantee on the generalization error of interpolators in an arbitrary hypothesis class in terms of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-05 Frederic Koehler , Lijia Zhou , Danica J. Sutherland , Nathan Srebro

This paper presents and investigates an inexact proximal gradient method for solving composite convex optimization problems characterized by an objective function composed of a sum of a full-domain differentiable convex function and a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-16 Yunier Bello-Cruz , Max L. N. Gonçalves , Jefferson G. Melo , Cassandra Mohr

While deep learning is successful in a number of applications, it is not yet well understood theoretically. A satisfactory theoretical characterization of deep learning however, is beginning to emerge. It covers the following questions: 1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Tomaso Poggio , Andrzej Banburski , Qianli Liao

This paper establishes risk convergence and asymptotic weight matrix alignment --- a form of implicit regularization --- of gradient flow and gradient descent when applied to deep linear networks on linearly separable data. In more detail,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Ziwei Ji , Matus Telgarsky

Neural networks trained to minimize the logistic (a.k.a. cross-entropy) loss with gradient-based methods are observed to perform well in many supervised classification tasks. Towards understanding this phenomenon, we analyze the training…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Lenaic Chizat , Francis Bach

In this paper, we leverage over-parameterization to design regularization-free algorithms for the high-dimensional single index model and provide theoretical guarantees for the induced implicit regularization phenomenon. Specifically, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-18 Jianqing Fan , Zhuoran Yang , Mengxin Yu

Overparameterized ML models, including neural networks, typically induce underdetermined training objectives with multiple global minima. The implicit bias refers to the limiting global minimum that is attained by a common optimization…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-06 Kuo-Wei Lai , Guanghui Wang , Molei Tao , Vidya Muthukumar

We present a general technique for the analysis of first-order methods. The technique relies on the construction of a duality gap for an appropriate approximation of the objective function, where the function approximation improves as the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-12 Jelena Diakonikolas , Lorenzo Orecchia

Gradient descent for matrix factorization exhibits an implicit bias toward approximately low-rank solutions. While existing theories often assume the boundedness of iterates, empirically the bias persists even with unbounded sequences. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yikun Hou , Suvrit Sra , Alp Yurtsever

In this paper, we propose a geometric framework to analyze the convergence properties of gradient descent trajectories in the context of linear neural networks. We translate a well-known empirical observation of linear neural nets into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Yacine Chitour , Zhenyu Liao , Romain Couillet

We investigate the classes of functions whose minimization diagrams can be approximated efficiently in \Re^d. We present a general framework and a data-structure that can be used to approximate the minimization diagram of such functions.…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2013-04-03 Sariel Har-Peled , Nirman Kumar

In distributed training of machine learning models, gradient descent with local iterative steps, commonly known as Local (Stochastic) Gradient Descent (Local-(S)GD) or Federated averaging (FedAvg), is a very popular method to mitigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Heng Zhu , Harsh Vardhan , Arya Mazumdar

A widely believed explanation for the remarkable generalization capacities of overparameterized neural networks is that the optimization algorithms used for training induce an implicit bias towards benign solutions. To grasp this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Maria Matveev , Vit Fojtik , Hung-Hsu Chou , Gitta Kutyniok , Johannes Maly

We compare classification and regression tasks in an overparameterized linear model with Gaussian features. On the one hand, we show that with sufficient overparameterization all training points are support vectors: solutions obtained by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Vidya Muthukumar , Adhyyan Narang , Vignesh Subramanian , Mikhail Belkin , Daniel Hsu , Anant Sahai

Motivated by surprisingly good generalization properties of learned deep neural networks in overparameterized scenarios and by the related double descent phenomenon, this paper analyzes the relation between smoothness and low generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Yuege Xie , Hung-Hsu Chou , Holger Rauhut , Rachel Ward

We introduce and analyze a framework for function interpolation using compressed sensing. This framework - which is based on weighted $\ell^1$ minimization - does not require a priori bounds on the expansion tail in either its…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-01-24 Ben Adcock

Understanding generalization of overparametrized neural networks remains a fundamental challenge in machine learning. Most of the literature mostly studies generalization from an interpolation point of view, taking convergence of parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Etienne Boursier , Nicolas Flammarion

Modern supervised learning techniques, particularly those using deep nets, involve fitting high dimensional labelled data sets with functions containing very large numbers of parameters. Much of this work is empirical. Interesting phenomena…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-30 Partha P Mitra