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Variational Quantum Eigensolvers (VQEs) represent a promising approach to computing molecular ground states and energies on modern quantum computers. These approaches use a classical computer to optimize the parameters of a trial wave…

Quantum chemistry is one of the most promising applications of quantum computers in the near future. For noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, the quantum-classical hybrid framework based on the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) has…

Mapping out phase diagrams of quantum systems using classical simulations can be challenging or intractable due to the computational resources required to simulate even small quantum systems far away from the thermodynamic limit. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-05 Jan Lukas Bosse , Raul Santos , Ashley Montanaro

Training the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a task that requires substantial compute. We propose the use of concepts from transfer learning to considerably reduce the training time when solving similar problem instances. We…

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most promising algorithms for current quantum devices. It employs a classical optimizer to iteratively update the parameters of a variational quantum circuit in order to search for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-19 Chenyu Shi , Hao Wang

The Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are hybrid quantum-classical algorithms and they can be used in the Nosiy Intermadiate Scale Quantum (NISQ) devises. The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) was suggested as a first VQA. VQE is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Murat Kurt , Ayda Kaltehei , Selçuk Çakmak , Azmi Gençten

Variational quantum eigensolvers (VQEs) are one of the most important and effective applications of quantum computing, especially in the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. There are mainly two ways for VQEs:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-19 Xin Wang , Bo Qi , Yabo Wang , Daoyi Dong

The VQE algorithm has turned out to be quite expensive to run given the way we currently access quantum processors (i.e. over the cloud). In order to alleviate this issue, we introduce Quantum Sampling Regression (QSR), an alternative…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-07 Pedro Rivero , Ian C. Cloët , Zack Sullivan

Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) method is the way to derive the wave functions from their eigen energies using quantum computers. But, the methods to utilize the superposition states between them haven't been developed yet. The method…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-13 Hikaru Wakaura , Takao Tomono

Current quantum computers are limited in the number of qubits and coherence time, constraining the algorithms executable with sufficient fidelity. The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is an algorithm to find an approximate ground state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 Luca Erhart , Kosuke Mitarai , Wataru Mizukami , Keisuke Fujii

We propose a computational protocol for quantum simulations of Fermionic Hamiltonians on a quantum computer, enabling calculations which were previously not feasible with conventional encoding and ansatses of variational quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-15 Benchen Huang , Nan Sheng , Marco Govoni , Giulia Galli

In the field of quantum chemistry, the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) has emerged as a highly promising approach to determine molecular energies and properties within the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. The central…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Dibyendu Mondal , Debaarjun Mukherjee , Rahul Maitra

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a method of choice to solve the electronic structure problem for molecules on near-term gate-based quantum computers. However, the circuit depth is expected to grow significantly with problem…

The hardware requirements of useful quantum algorithms remain unmet by the quantum computers available today. Because it was designed to soften these requirements, the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) has gained popularity as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-09 Mafalda Ramôa

By exploiting the invariance of the molecular Hamiltonian by a unitary transformation of the orbitals it is possible to significantly shorter the depth of the variational circuit in the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithm by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Leonardo Ratini , Chiara Capecci , Leonardo Guidoni

We explore the use of symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) as a simple and efficient means to compute interaction energies between large molecular systems with a hybrid method combing NISQ-era quantum and classical computers. From…

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is generally regarded as a promising quantum algorithm for near-term noisy quantum computers. However, when implemented with the deep circuits that are in principle required for achieving a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Simone Cantori , Andrea Mari , David Vitali , Sebastiano Pilati

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most prominent algorithms using near-term quantum devices, designed to find the ground state of a Hamiltonian. In VQE, a classical optimizer iteratively updates the parameters in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-12 Chenyu Shi , Vedran Dunjko , Hao Wang

A programmable quantum device that has a large number of qubits without fault-tolerance has emerged recently. Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most promising ways to utilize the computational power of such devices to…

We present a new optimization method for small-to-intermediate scale variational algorithms on noisy near-term quantum processors which uses a Gaussian process surrogate model equipped with a classically-evaluated quantum kernel.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-16 Alistair W. R. Smith , A. J. Paige , M. S. Kim