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Unlike reinforcement learning (RL) agents, humans remain capable multitaskers in changing environments. In spite of only experiencing the world through their own observations and interactions, people know how to balance focusing on tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Rishav Bhagat , Jonathan Balloch , Zhiyu Lin , Julia Kim , Mark Riedl

We study how AI agents form expectations and trade in experimental asset markets. Using a simulated open-call auction populated by autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents, we document three main findings. First, AI agents exhibit…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-21 Shumiao Ouyang , Pengfei Sui

Social learning is learning through the observation of or interaction with other individuals; it is critical in the understanding of the collective behaviors of humans in social physics. We study the learning process of agents in a restless…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-12-01 Kazuaki Nakayama , Ryuzo Nakamura , Masato Hisakado , Shintaro Mori

Order execution is a fundamental task in quantitative finance, aiming at finishing acquisition or liquidation for a number of trading orders of the specific assets. Recent advance in model-free reinforcement learning (RL) provides a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Yuchen Fang , Zhenggang Tang , Kan Ren , Weiqing Liu , Li Zhao , Jiang Bian , Dongsheng Li , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu , Tie-Yan Liu

A reinforcement learning agent tries to maximize its cumulative payoff by interacting in an unknown environment. It is important for the agent to explore suboptimal actions as well as to pick actions with highest known rewards. Yet, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Reazul Hasan Russel

Intelligent agents offer a new and exciting way of understanding the world of work. Agent-Based Simulation (ABS), one way of using intelligent agents, carries great potential for progressing our understanding of management practices and how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-07-05 Peer-Olaf Siebers , Uwe Aickelin , Helen Celia , Chris Clegg

We present our approach to the problem of how an agent, within an economic Multi-Agent System, can determine when it should behave strategically (i.e. learn and use models of other agents), and when it should act as a simple price-taker. We…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Jose M. Vidal , Edmund H. Durfee

Global supply networks in agriculture, manufacturing, and services are a defining feature of the modern world. The efficiency and the distribution of surpluses across different parts of these networks depend on choices of intermediaries.…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-06-05 Felipe M. Cardoso , Carlos Gracia-Lazaro , Frederic Moisan , Sanjeev Goyal , Angel Sanchez , Yamir Moreno

Agent-based models help explain stock price dynamics as emergent phenomena driven by interacting investors. In this modeling tradition, investor behavior has typically been captured by two distinct mechanisms -- learning and heterogeneous…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Ryuji Hashimoto , Ryosuke Takata , Masahiro Suzuki , Yuki Tanaka , Kiyoshi Izumi

Multi-agent market simulators usually require careful calibration to emulate real markets, which includes the number and the type of agents. Poorly calibrated simulators can lead to misleading conclusions, potentially causing severe loss…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2022-10-19 Andrea Coletta , Aymeric Moulin , Svitlana Vyetrenko , Tucker Balch

We study a heterogeneous agent macroeconomic model with an infinite number of households and firms competing in a labor market. Each household earns income and engages in consumption at each time step while aiming to maximize a concave…

General Economics · Economics 2023-03-10 Ruitu Xu , Yifei Min , Tianhao Wang , Zhaoran Wang , Michael I. Jordan , Zhuoran Yang

In multi-agent systems, agents need to interact and collaborate with other agents in environments. Agent modeling is crucial to facilitate agent interactions and make adaptive cooperation strategies. However, it is challenging for agents to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Baofu Fang , Caiming Zheng , Hao Wang

Societies are complex. Properties of social systems can be explained by the interplay and weaving of individual actions. Incentives are key to understand people's choices and decisions. For instance, individual preferences of where to live…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-09-20 Egemen Sert , Yaneer Bar-Yam , Alfredo J. Morales

The paper presents an advanced version of an adaptive market-making agent capable of performing experiential learning, exploiting a "try and fail" approach relying on a swarm of subordinate agents executed in a virtual environment to…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Anton Kolonin , Alexey Glushchenko , Arseniy Fokin , Marcello Mari , Mario Casiraghi , Mukul Vishwas

Agent-Based Models (ABM) are computational scenario-generators, which can be used to predict the possible future outcomes of the complex system they represent. To better understand the robustness of these predictions, it is necessary to…

General Economics · Economics 2022-08-08 Karl Naumann-Woleske , Max Sina Knicker , Michael Benzaquen , Jean-Philippe Bouchaud

Investors and regulators can greatly benefit from a realistic market simulator that enables them to anticipate the consequences of their decisions in real markets. However, traditional rule-based market simulators often fall short in…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-04-01 Zhiyuan Yao , Zheng Li , Matthew Thomas , Ionut Florescu

Existing approaches in reinforcement learning train an agent to learn desired optimal behavior in an environment with rule based surrounding agents. In safety critical applications such as autonomous driving it is crucial that the rule…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Arjun Srinivasan , Anubhav Paras , Aniket Bera

Recent advances in large language models, tool-using agents, and financial machine learning are shifting financial automation from isolated prediction tasks to integrated decision systems that can perceive information, reason over…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-04-23 Hui Gong

Agent based modelling (ABM) is a computational approach to modelling complex systems by specifying the behaviour of autonomous decision-making components or agents in the system and allowing the system dynamics to emerge from their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Leo Ardon , Jared Vann , Deepeka Garg , Tom Spooner , Sumitra Ganesh

LLM agents in markets present algorithmic collusion risks. While prior work shows LLM agents reach supracompetitive prices through tacit coordination, existing research focuses on hand-crafted prompts. The emerging paradigm of prompt…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yingtao Tian