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We derive a relation between the two polarization modes of a plane, linear gravitational wave in the second-order approximation. Since these two polarizations are not independent, an initially monochromatic gravitational wave loses its…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-10-05 Nikodem J. Poplawski

The behaviour of a "test" electromagnetic field in the background of an exact gravitational plane wave is investigated in the framework of Einstein's general relativity. We have expressed the general solution to the de Rham equations as a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Enrico Montanari , Mirco Calura

We discuss new models of an `affine' theory of gravity in multidimensional space-times with symmetric connections. We use and develop ideas of Weyl, Eddington, and Einstein, in particular, Einstein's proposal to specify the space - time…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-12 A. T. Filippov

In a Lorentzian spacetime there exists a smooth regular line element field $(\bm{X},-\bm{X}) $ and a unit vector $ \bm{u} $ collinear with one of the pair of vectors in the line element field. An orthogonal decomposition of symmetric…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-12 Gary Nash

Scalar perturbations of Friedmann-Lemaitre cosmologies can be analyzed in a variety of ways using Einstein's field equations, the Ricci and Bianchi identities, or the conservation equations for the stress-energy tensor, and possibly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-03 Claes Uggla , John Wainwright

We study a class of almost scale-invariant modified gravity theories, using a particular form of $f(R, G) = \alpha R^2 + \beta G \log G$ where $R$ and $G$ are the Ricci and Gauss-Bonnet scalars, respectively and $\alpha$, $\beta$ are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-12-04 Jorge L. Fuentes , Usman A. Gillani , Karim A. Malik

The equations of motion of four-dimensional conformal gravity, whose Lagrangian is the square of the Weyl tensor, require that the Bach tensor $E_{\mu\nu}= (\nabla^\rho\nabla^\sigma + \ft12 R^{\rho\sigma})C_{\mu\rho\nu\sigma}$ vanishes.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-15 Hai-Shan Liu , H. Lu , C. N. Pope , J. Vazquez-Poritz

We present the exact solution to the linearized Maxwell equations in space-time slightly curved by a gravitational wave. We show that in general, even dealing with a first-order theory in the strength of the gravitational field, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Mirco Calura , Enrico Montanari

This is the second paper in a series of papers adressing the characteristic gluing problem for the Einstein vacuum equations. We solve the codimension-$10$ characteristic gluing problem for characteristic data which are close to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-07 Stefanos Aretakis , Stefan Czimek , Igor Rodnianski

In this paper, we discuss a gravitational theory based on the generalized gauge field. Our Lagrangian is invariant not only under local Lorentz transformation and the ordinary gauge transformation but also under a new gauge transformation.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-07-03 Kouzou Nishida

We study the plane (not necessarily monochromatic) gravitational waves at nonlinear quadratic order on a flat background in vacuum. We show that, in the harmonic gauge, the nonlinear waves are unstable. We argue that, at this order, this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-07-10 Fabio Briscese , Paolo Maria Santini

When solving the Einstein's equations for an isolated system of masses, V. Fock introduces harmonic reference frame and obtains an unambiguous solution. Further, he concludes that there exists a harmonic reference frame which is determined…

General Physics · Physics 2024-03-04 Xiao-Song Wang

Inspired by a similar analysis for the vacuum conformal Einstein field equations by Paetz [Ann. H. Poincar\'e 16, 2059 (2015)], in this article we show how to construct a system of quasilinear wave equations for the geometric fields…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-16 Diego A. Carranza , Adem E. Hursit , Juan A. Valiente Kroon

Using the covariant approach and conformal transformations, we present a gauge-invariant formalism for cosmological perturbations in generalized Einstein theories (GETs), including the Brans-Dicke theory, theories with a non-minimally…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-01 Toshinari Hirai , Kei-ichi Maeda

We establish the linear instability of the semiclassical Einstein-Klein-Gordon system linearised about the Minkowski vacuum spacetime. The proof relies on formulating a forcing problem for both metric and state perturbations within the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Stefano Galanda , Paolo Meda , Simone Murro , Nicola Pinamonti , Gabriel Schmid

First the second-order perturbations of nonzero-\Lambda cosmological models are derived with an arbitrary potential function of spatial coordinates, using the nonlinear version of Lifshitz's method in the synchronous gauge. Their expression…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Kenji Tomita

By considering the Einstein vacuum field equations linearized about the Minkowski metric, the evolution equations for the gauge-invariant quantities characterizing the gravitational field are written in a Hamiltonian form by using a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 R. Rosas-Rodriguez

We consider the harmonic gauge condition in linearized gravity, seen as a gauge theory for a symmetric tensor field. Once the harmonic gauge condition is implemented, as customary, according to the Faddeev-Popov procedure, the gauge fixed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-06-23 Giulio Gambuti , Nicola Maggiore

In this second paper of our series we focus on the classical pure gravity sector of spherically symmetric black hole perturbations and expand the reduced Hamiltonian to second order. To compare our manifestly gauge invariant formalism with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-01 Jonas Neuser , Thomas Thiemann

Linear cosmological perturbation theory is pivotal to a theoretical understanding of current cosmological experimental data provided e.g. by cosmic microwave anisotropy probes. A key issue in that theory is to extract the gauge invariant…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-02-17 K. Giesel , S. Hofmann , T. Thiemann , O. Winkler