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Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) operate in dynamic environments, leading to different types of uncertainty. This work provides a comprehensive review of uncertainty representations and categorizes them based on the dimensions used to represent…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-01 Johannes Mäkelburg , Diego Perez-Palacin , Raffaela Mirandola , Maribel Acosta

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) have become an intrinsic part of the 21st century world. Systems like Smart Grids, Transportation, and Healthcare help us run our lives and businesses smoothly, successfully and safely. Since malfunctions in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Massimo Nazaria

Recent works have shown that foundational safe control methods, such as Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) reachability analysis, can be applied in the latent space of world models. While this enables the synthesis of latent safety filters for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Sankalp Agrawal , Junwon Seo , Kensuke Nakamura , Ran Tian , Andrea Bajcsy

Rapid advances in computation, combined with latest advances in computer graphics simulations have facilitated the development of vision systems and training them in virtual environments. One major stumbling block is in certification of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-12-07 V S R Veeravasarapu , Rudra Narayan Hota , Constantin Rothkopf , Ramesh Visvanathan

Failures in safety-critical Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), both software and hardware-related, can lead to severe incidents impacting physical infrastructure or even harming humans. As a result, extensive simulations and field tests need to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Ankit Agrawal , Philipp Zech , Michael Vierhauser

Approximate computing is a computation domain which can be used to trade time and energy with quality and therefore is useful in embedded systems. Energy is the prime resource in battery-driven embedded systems, like robots. Approximate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Hrishav Bakul Barua

Model validity is key to the accurate and safe behavior of autonomous vehicles. Using invalid vehicle models in the different plan and control vehicle frameworks puts the stability of the vehicle, and thus its safety at stake. In this work,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Agapius Bou Ghosn , Philip Polack , Arnaud de La Fortelle

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in domains such as manufacturing and energy distribution generate complex time series data crucial for Prognostics and Health Management (PHM). While Deep Learning (DL) methods have demonstrated strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Alexander Windmann , Henrik Steude , Daniel Boschmann , Oliver Niggemann

By achieving their purposes through interactions with the physical world, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) pose new challenges in terms of dependability. Indeed, the evolution of the physical systems they control with transducers can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-16 Gérald Rocher , Jean-Yves Tigli , Stéphane Lavirotte , Nhan Le Thanh

The use of approximation is fundamental in computational science. Almost all computational methods adopt approximations in some form in order to obtain a favourable cost/accuracy trade-off and there are usually many approximations that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Michael A. Johnston , Vassilis Vassiliadis

[Context and Motivation]: Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have become relevant in a wide variety of different domains, integrating hardware and software, often operating in an emerging and uncertain environment where human actors actively or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Zoe Pfister , Michael Vierhauser , Rebekka Wohlrab , Ruth Breu

We present new algorithms and fast implementations to find efficient approximations for modelling stochastic processes. For many numerical computations it is essential to develop finite approximations for stochastic processes. While the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-03 Kipngeno Benard Kirui , Georg Ch. Pflug , Alois Pichler

Autonomous vehicles currently suffer from a time-inefficient driving style caused by uncertainty about human behavior in traffic interactions. Accurate and reliable prediction models enabling more efficient trajectory planning could make…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Julian Frederik Schumann , Jens Kober , Arkady Zgonnikov

Simulators are a critical component of modern robotics research. Strategies for both perception and decision making can be studied in simulation first before deployed to real world systems, saving on time and costs. Despite significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Bhairav Mehta , Ankur Handa , Dieter Fox , Fabio Ramos

A virtual try-on method takes a product image and an image of a model and produces an image of the model wearing the product. Most methods essentially compute warps from the product image to the model image and combine using image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Kedan Li , Min Jin Chong , Jingen Liu , David Forsyth

Calibrating agent-based models (ABMs) to data is among the most fundamental requirements to ensure the model fulfils its desired purpose. In recent years, simulation-based inference methods have emerged as powerful tools for performing this…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Joel Dyer , Patrick Cannon , J. Doyne Farmer , Sebastian M. Schmon

Pre-trained foundation models (FMs) have shown exceptional performance in univariate time series forecasting tasks. However, several practical challenges persist, including managing intricate dependencies among features and quantifying…

Simulation systems have become an essential component in the development and validation of autonomous driving technologies. The prevailing state-of-the-art approach for simulation is to use game engines or high-fidelity computer graphics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Wei Li , Chengwei Pan , Rong Zhang , Jiaping Ren , Yuexin Ma , Jin Fang , Feilong Yan , Qichuan Geng , Xinyu Huang , Huajun Gong , Weiwei Xu , Guoping Wang , Dinesh Manocha , Ruigang Yang

Self-adaptivity allows software systems to autonomously adjust their behavior during run-time to reduce the cost complexities caused by manual maintenance. In this paper, a framework for building an external adaptation engine for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-02-11 Mohammed Abufouda

Supervised learning tends to produce more accurate classifiers than unsupervised learning in general. This implies that training data is preferred with annotations. When addressing visual perception challenges, such as localizing certain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-30 Antonio M. Lopez , Jiaolong Xu , Jose L. Gomez , David Vazquez , German Ros