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Increasing the input length has been a driver of progress in language modeling with transformers. We identify conditions where shorter inputs are not harmful, and achieve perplexity and efficiency improvements through two new methods that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Ofir Press , Noah A. Smith , Mike Lewis

We investigate how embedding dimension affects the emergence of an internal "world model" in a transformer trained with reinforcement learning to perform bubble-sort-style adjacent swaps. Models achieve high accuracy even with very small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Brady Bhalla , Honglu Fan , Nancy Chen , Tony Yue YU

Although recent model-free reinforcement learning algorithms have been shown to be capable of mastering complicated decision-making tasks, the sample complexity of these methods has remained a hurdle to utilizing them in many real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Saeed Moazami , Peggy Doerschuk

Model-based Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) assumes the availability of a model of an environment's underlying transition dynamics. This model can be used to predict future effects of an agent's possible actions. When no such model is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Andreas Sedlmeier , Michael Kölle , Robert Müller , Leo Baudrexel , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit a strong capacity for in-context learning: Given labeled examples, they can generate good predictions without parameter updates. However, many interactive settings go beyond static prediction to online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Emile Anand , Abdullah Ateyeh , Xinyuan Cao , Max Dabagia

Recent breakthroughs in Go play and strategic games have witnessed the great potential of reinforcement learning in intelligently scheduling in uncertain environment, but some bottlenecks are also encountered when we generalize this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Xingxing Liang , Qi Wang , Yanghe Feng , Zhong Liu , Jincai Huang

The utility of learning a dynamics/world model of the environment in reinforcement learning has been shown in a many ways. When using neural networks, however, these models suffer catastrophic forgetting when learned in a lifelong or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Nicholas Ketz , Soheil Kolouri , Praveen Pilly

Deep Reinforcement Learning has enabled the learning of policies for complex tasks in partially observable environments, without explicitly learning the underlying model of the tasks. While such model-free methods achieve considerable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Tanmay Shankar , Santosha K. Dwivedy , Prithwijit Guha

The appearance of transformer-based models in Reinforcement Learning (RL) has expanded the horizons of possibilities in robotics tasks, but it has simultaneously brought a wide range of challenges during its implementation, especially in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Daniil Zelezetsky , Alexey K. Kovalev , Aleksandr I. Panov

Deep reinforcement learning has proven to be a great success in allowing agents to learn complex tasks. However, its application to actual robots can be prohibitively expensive. Furthermore, the unpredictability of human behavior in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Mohammad Thabet , Massimiliano Patacchiola , Angelo Cangelosi

Two of the many trends in neural network research of the past few years have been (i) the learning of dynamical systems, especially with recurrent neural networks such as long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) and (ii) the introduction of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-15 Benedikt Brantner , Guillaume de Romemont , Michael Kraus , Zeyuan Li

To quickly solve new tasks in complex environments, intelligent agents need to build up reusable knowledge. For example, a learned world model captures knowledge about the environment that applies to new tasks. Similarly, skills capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Kevin Xie , Homanga Bharadhwaj , Danijar Hafner , Animesh Garg , Florian Shkurti

Learning-based methods have improved locomotion skills of quadruped robots through deep reinforcement learning. However, the sim-to-real gap and low sample efficiency still limit the skill transfer. To address this issue, we propose an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Haojie Shi , Tingguang Li , Qingxu Zhu , Jiapeng Sheng , Lei Han , Max Q. -H. Meng

The key to success in machine learning (ML) is the use of effective data representations. Traditionally, data representations were hand-crafted. Recently it has been demonstrated that, given sufficient data, deep neural networks can learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Ivan Olier , Oghenejokpeme I. Orhobor , Joaquin Vanschoren , Ross D. King

While recent advances in deep reinforcement learning have allowed autonomous learning agents to succeed at a variety of complex tasks, existing algorithms generally require a lot of training data. One way to increase the speed at which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Garrett Warnell , Nicholas Waytowich , Vernon Lawhern , Peter Stone

Scaling up deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods presents a significant challenge. Following developments in generative modelling, model-based RL positions itself as a strong contender. Recent advances in sequence modelling have led to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Vincent Micheli , Eloi Alonso , François Fleuret

Recent advances in reinforcement learning have demonstrated its ability to solve hard agent-environment interaction tasks on a super-human level. However, the application of reinforcement learning methods to practical and real-world tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Oleg Svidchenko , Aleksei Shpilman

This work is devoted to unresolved problems of Artificial General Intelligence - the inefficiency of transfer learning. One of the mechanisms that are used to solve this problem in the area of reinforcement learning is a model-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Andrey Gorodetskiy , Alexandra Shlychkova , Aleksandr I. Panov

Designing better deep networks and better reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are both important for deep RL. This work focuses on the former. Previous methods build the network with several modules like CNN, LSTM and Attention. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Hangyu Mao , Rui Zhao , Hao Chen , Jianye Hao , Yiqun Chen , Dong Li , Junge Zhang , Zhen Xiao

Transformer-based models have achieved state-of-the-art results in many natural language processing tasks. The self-attention architecture allows transformer to combine information from all elements of a sequence into context-aware…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Mikhail S. Burtsev , Yuri Kuratov , Anton Peganov , Grigory V. Sapunov