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Inspired by the success of Self-supervised learning (SSL) in learning visual representations from unlabeled data, a few recent works have studied SSL in the context of continual learning (CL), where multiple tasks are learned sequentially,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Li Yang , Sen Lin , Fan Zhang , Junshan Zhang , Deliang Fan

Many of the machine learning (ML) tasks are focused on centralized learning (CL), which requires the transmission of local datasets from the clients to a parameter server (PS) leading to a huge communication overhead. Federated learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Ahmet M. Elbir , Sinem Coleri , Kumar Vijay Mishra

Online Continual Learning (CL) solves the problem of learning the ever-emerging new classification tasks from a continuous data stream. Unlike its offline counterpart, in online CL, the training data can only be seen once. Most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Maorong Wang , Nicolas Michel , Ling Xiao , Toshihiko Yamasaki

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm that safeguards privacy by retaining client data on edge devices. However, optimizing FL in practice can be challenging due to the diverse and heterogeneous nature of the learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yongxin Guo , Xiaoying Tang , Tao Lin

Federated learning benefits from cross-training strategies, which enables models to train on data from distinct sources to improve generalization capability. However, due to inherent differences in data distributions, the optimization goals…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Zhuang Qi , Lei Meng , Ruohan Zhang , Yu Wang , Xin Qi , Xiangxu Meng , Han Yu , Qiang Yang

The main challenge of continual learning is \textit{catastrophic forgetting}. Because of processing data in one pass, online continual learning (OCL) is one of the most difficult continual learning scenarios. To address catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Aopeng Wang , Ke Deng , Yongli Ren , Jun Luo

Federated Learning has been introduced as a new machine learning paradigm enhancing the use of local devices. At a server level, FL regularly aggregates models learned locally on distributed clients to obtain a more general model. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Anastasiia Usmanova , François Portet , Philippe Lalanda , German Vega

Non-exemplar class incremental learning aims to learn both the new and old tasks without accessing any training data from the past. This strict restriction enlarges the difficulty of alleviating catastrophic forgetting since all techniques…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Jiang-Tian Zhai , Xialei Liu , Lu Yu , Ming-Ming Cheng

Using task-specific components within a neural network in continual learning (CL) is a compelling strategy to address the stability-plasticity dilemma in fixed-capacity models without access to past data. Current methods focus only on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Ghada Sokar , Decebal Constantin Mocanu , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) has garnered significant attention as a privacy-preserving machine learning framework for sample-aligned feature federation. However, traditional VFL approaches do not address the challenges of class and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Shuo Wang , Keke Gai , Jing Yu , Liehuang Zhu , Qi Wu

Exemplar-free class incremental learning (EF-CIL) is a nontrivial task that requires continuously enriching model capability with new classes while maintaining previously learned knowledge without storing and replaying any old class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Tianqi Wang , Jingcai Guo , Depeng Li , Zhi Chen

Exemplar-Free Class Incremental Learning (efCIL) aims to continuously incorporate the knowledge from new classes while retaining previously learned information, without storing any old-class exemplars (i.e., samples). For this purpose,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Libo Huang , Zhulin An , Yan Zeng , Chuanguang Yang , Xinqiang Yu , Yongjun Xu

Personalized Federated Continual Learning (PFCL) is a new practical scenario that poses greater challenges in sharing and personalizing knowledge. PFCL not only relies on knowledge fusion for server aggregation at the global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Hao Yu , Xin Yang , Xin Gao , Yan Kang , Hao Wang , Junbo Zhang , Tianrui Li

Continual learning (CL) enables models to adapt to evolving data streams without catastrophic forgetting, a fundamental requirement for real-world AI systems. However, the current methods often depend on large replay buffers or heavily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Indu Solomon , Aye Phyu Phyu Aung , Uttam Kumar , Senthilnath Jayavelu

In this paper, we consider a real-world scenario where a model that is trained on pre-defined classes continually encounters unlabeled data that contains both known and novel classes. The goal is to continually discover novel classes while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Yanan Wu , Zhixiang Chi , Yang Wang , Songhe Feng

Federated Class Incremental Learning (FCIL) aims to collaboratively process continuously increasing incoming tasks across multiple clients. Among various approaches, data replay has become a promising solution, which can alleviate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Zhuang Qi , Ying-Peng Tang , Lei Meng , Han Yu , Xiaoxiao Li , Xiangxu Meng

Artificial neural networks suffer from catastrophic forgetting when they are sequentially trained on multiple tasks. To overcome this problem, we present a novel approach based on task-conditioned hypernetworks, i.e., networks that generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Johannes von Oswald , Christian Henning , Benjamin F. Grewe , João Sacramento

Efficient continual learning techniques have been a topic of significant research over the last few years. A fundamental problem with such learning is severe degradation of performance on previously learned tasks, known also as catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Tammuz Dubnov , Vishal Thengane

The proliferation of end devices has led to a distributed computing paradigm, wherein on-device machine learning models continuously process diverse data generated by these devices. The dynamic nature of this data, characterized by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Zhengyi Zhong , Weidong Bao , Ji Wang , Jianguo Chen , Lingjuan Lyu , Wei Yang Bryan Lim

While Federated Learning (FL) is gaining popularity for training machine learning models in a decentralized fashion, numerous challenges persist, such as asynchronization, computational expenses, data heterogeneity, and gradient and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Chun-Yin Huang , Ruinan Jin , Can Zhao , Daguang Xu , Xiaoxiao Li