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Various layer-skipping methods have been proposed to accelerate token generation in large language models (LLMs). However, limited attention has been paid to a fundamental question: How do computational demands vary across the generation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Xuan Luo , Weizhi Wang , Xifeng Yan

Latent Diffusion models (LDMs) have achieved remarkable results in synthesizing high-resolution images. However, the iterative sampling process is computationally intensive and leads to slow generation. Inspired by Consistency Models (song…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Simian Luo , Yiqin Tan , Longbo Huang , Jian Li , Hang Zhao

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive performance in long context generation. Extending the context length has disproportionately shifted the memory footprint of LLMs during inference to the key-value cache…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Cheng Luo , Zefan Cai , Hanshi Sun , Jinqi Xiao , Bo Yuan , Wen Xiao , Junjie Hu , Jiawei Zhao , Beidi Chen , Anima Anandkumar

The auto-regressive decoding of Large Language Models (LLMs) results in significant overheads in their hardware performance. While recent research has investigated various speculative decoding techniques for multi-token generation, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Hao Mark Chen , Wayne Luk , Ka Fai Cedric Yiu , Rui Li , Konstantin Mishchenko , Stylianos I. Venieris , Hongxiang Fan

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate substantial potential across a diverse array of domains via request serving. However, as trends continue to push for expanding context sizes, the autoregressive nature of LLMs results in highly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Bin Lin , Chen Zhang , Tao Peng , Hanyu Zhao , Wencong Xiao , Minmin Sun , Anmin Liu , Zhipeng Zhang , Lanbo Li , Xiafei Qiu , Shen Li , Zhigang Ji , Tao Xie , Yong Li , Wei Lin

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly solve complex reasoning tasks via long chain-of-thought, but their forward-only autoregressive generation process is fragile; early token errors can cascade, which creates a clear need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Jian Mu , Qixin Zhang , Zhiyong Wang , Menglin Yang , Shuang Qiu , Chengwei Qin , Zhongxiang Dai , Yao Shu

RAPID-LLM is a unified performance modeling framework for large language model (LLM) training and inference on GPU clusters. It couples a DeepFlow-based frontend that generates hardware-aware, operator-level Chakra execution traces from an…

The extremely high computational and storage demands of large language models have excluded most edge devices, which were widely used for efficient machine learning, from being viable options. A typical edge device usually only has 4GB of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jindong Li , Tenglong Li , Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Qian Zhang , Yi Zeng

Large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges in handling long-context tasks because of their limited effective context window size during pretraining, which restricts their ability to generalize over extended sequences.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Zhiyuan Hu , Yuliang Liu , Jinman Zhao , Suyuchen Wang , Yan Wang , Wei Shen , Qing Gu , Anh Tuan Luu , See-Kiong Ng , Zhiwei Jiang , Bryan Hooi

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems combine vector similarity search with large language models (LLMs) to deliver accurate, context-aware responses. However, co-locating the vector retriever and the LLM on shared GPU infrastructure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Junkyum Kim , Divya Mahajan

Long-context inference for Large Language Models (LLMs) is heavily limited by high computational demands. While several existing methods optimize attention computation, they still process the full set of hidden states at each layer,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Lingkun Long , Rubing Yang , Yushi Huang , Desheng Hui , Ao Zhou , Jianlei Yang

Modern GPU software stacks demand developers who can anticipate performance bottlenecks before ever launching a kernel; misjudging floating-point workloads upstream can derail tuning, scheduling, and even hardware procurement. Yet despite…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Gregory Bolet , Giorgis Georgakoudis , Konstantinos Parasyris , Harshitha Menon , Niranjan Hasabnis , Kirk W. Cameron , Gal Oren

Recent advances show that large language models (LLMs) can act as autonomous agents capable of generating GPU kernels, but integrating these AI-generated kernels into real-world inference systems remains challenging. FlashInfer-Bench…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown immense potential across various domains, but their high memory requirements and inference costs remain critical challenges for deployment. Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Tianyi Zhang , Anshumali Shrivastava

Transformer-based large language models face severe scalability challenges in long-context generation due to the computational and memory costs of full-context attention. Under practical computation and memory constraints, many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xianpeng Shang , Jiang Li , Zehua Duo , Qianyi Cai , Xiangdong Su

Large Language Models (LLMs) demand substantial computational resources, resulting in high energy consumption on GPUs. To address this challenge, we focus on Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAs) as an effective alternative that…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Takuto Ando , Yu Eto , Ayumu Takeuchi , Yasuhiko Nakashima

Performance modeling, a pivotal domain in program cost analysis, currently relies on manually crafted models constrained by various program and hardware limitations, especially in the intricate landscape of GPGPU. Meanwhile, Large Language…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Khoi N. M. Nguyen , Hoang Duy Nguyen Do , Huyen Thao Le , Thanh Tuan Dao

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promising potential in Vision-Language Navigation (VLN). However, their practical development is severely hindered by the substantial training overhead. We recognize two key issues that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Duo Zheng , Shijia Huang , Yanyang Li , Liwei Wang

The rapid growth in machine learning models, especially in natural language processing and computer vision, has led to challenges when running these models on hardware with limited resources. This paper introduces Superpipeline, a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Reza Abbasi , Sernam Lim

Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning for complex tasks inherently involves a trade-off between solution accuracy and computational efficiency. The subsequent step of verification, while intended to improve performance, further complicates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jianyuan Zhong , Zeju Li , Zhijian Xu , Xiangyu Wen , Kezhi Li , Qiang Xu