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Ensuring fairness is critical when applying artificial intelligence to high-stakes domains such as healthcare, where predictive models trained on imbalanced and demographically skewed data risk exacerbating existing disparities. Federated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Qiming Wu , Siqi Li , Doudou Zhou , Nan Liu

In federated learning (FL), multiple clients collaborate to train machine learning models together while keeping their data decentralized. Through utilizing more training data, FL suffers from the potential negative transfer problem: the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Wenxuan Bao , Haohan Wang , Jun Wu , Jingrui He

Federated learning is a privacy-preserving machine learning technique that learns a shared model across decentralized clients. It can alleviate privacy concerns of personal re-identification, an important computer vision task. In this work,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Weiming Zhuang , Yonggang Wen , Xuesen Zhang , Xin Gan , Daiying Yin , Dongzhan Zhou , Shuai Zhang , Shuai Yi

Federated learning in practice must contend with heterogeneous feature spaces, severe non-IID data, and scarce labels across clients. We present FedFusion, a federated transfer-learning framework that unifies domain adaptation and frugal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Ferdinand Kahenga , Antoine Bagula , Patrick Sello , Sajal K. Das

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across multiple clients without sharing their private data. However, data heterogeneity across clients leads to client drift, which degrades the overall generalization performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Alina Devkota , Jacob Thrasher , Donald Adjeroh , Binod Bhattarai , Prashnna K. Gyawali

Federated Learning (FL) enables the multiple participating devices to collaboratively contribute to a global neural network model while keeping the training data locally. Unlike the centralized training setting, the non-IID and imbalanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Moming Duan , Duo Liu , Xinyuan Ji , Renping Liu , Liang Liang , Xianzhang Chen , Yujuan Tan

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed framework for collaboratively training with privacy guarantees. In real-world scenarios, clients may have Non-IID data (local class imbalance) with poor annotation quality (label noise). The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Chenrui Wu , Zexi Li , Fangxin Wang , Chao Wu

In the context of Federated Learning with heterogeneous data environments, local models tend to converge to their own local model optima during local training steps, deviating from the overall data distributions. Aggregation of these local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Mortesa Hussaini , Jan Theiß , Anthony Stein

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising distributed learning paradigm that enables multiple clients to learn a global model collaboratively without sharing their private data. However, the effectiveness of FL is highly dependent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Zhongyi Cai , Ye Shi , Wei Huang , Jingya Wang

Federated Learning is a distributed learning paradigm with two key challenges that differentiate it from traditional distributed optimization: (1) significant variability in terms of the systems characteristics on each device in the network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Tian Li , Anit Kumar Sahu , Manzil Zaheer , Maziar Sanjabi , Ameet Talwalkar , Virginia Smith

The heterogeneity of hardware and data is a well-known and studied problem in the community of Federated Learning (FL) as running under heterogeneous settings. Recently, custom-size client models trained with Knowledge Distillation (KD) has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Hongrui Shi , Valentin Radu , Po Yang

Recently, federated learning has emerged as a promising approach for training a global model using data from multiple organizations without leaking their raw data. Nevertheless, directly applying federated learning to real-world tasks faces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Bingzhe Wu , Zhipeng Liang , Yuxuan Han , Yatao Bian , Peilin Zhao , Junzhou Huang

To tackle the scarcity and privacy issues associated with domain-specific datasets, the integration of federated learning in conjunction with fine-tuning has emerged as a practical solution. However, our findings reveal that federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Mengyao Du , Miao Zhang , Yuwen Pu , Kai Xu , Shouling Ji , Quanjun Yin

Federated learning (FL) facilitates a privacy-preserving neural network training paradigm through collaboration between edge clients and a central server. One significant challenge is that the distributed data is not independently and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Yu Qiao , Huy Q. Le , Mengchun Zhang , Apurba Adhikary , Chaoning Zhang , Choong Seon Hong

Federated learning enables edge devices to collaboratively train a global model while maintaining data privacy by keeping data localized. However, the Non-IID nature of data distribution across devices often hinders model convergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Youngjoon Lee , Jinu Gong , Joonhyuk Kang

Federated Learning (FL) emerged as a solution for collaborative medical image classification while preserving data privacy. However, label noise, which arises from inter-institutional data variability, can cause training instability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Mengwen Ye , Yingzi Huangfu , Shujian Gao , Wei Ren , Weifan Liu , Zekuan Yu

Learning image representations on decentralized data can bring many benefits in cases where data cannot be aggregated across data silos. Softmax cross entropy loss is highly effective and commonly used for learning image representations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Sagar M. Waghmare , Hang Qi , Huizhong Chen , Mikhail Sirotenko , Tomer Meron

The rise of cloud-device collaborative computing has enabled intelligent services to be delivered across distributed edge devices while leveraging centralized cloud resources. In this paradigm, federated learning (FL) has become a key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Xiao Zhang , Zengzhe Chen , Yuan Yuan , Yifei Zou , Fuzhen Zhuang , Wenyu Jiao , Yuke Wang , Dongxiao Yu

Federated Learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively learn in a distributed way, allowing for privacy protection. However, the real-world non-IID data will lead to client drift which degrades the performance of FL.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Yunlu Yan , Chun-Mei Feng , Mang Ye , Wangmeng Zuo , Ping Li , Rick Siow Mong Goh , Lei Zhu , C. L. Philip Chen

Data heterogeneity poses a fundamental challenge in federated learning (FL), especially when clients differ not only in distribution but also in the reliability of their predictions across individual examples. While personalized FL (PFL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Amr Abourayya , Jens Kleesiek , Bharat Rao , Michael Kamp