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An equivalent definition of hypermatrices is introduced. The matrix expression of hypermatrices is proposed. Using permutation matrices, the conversion of different matrix expressions is revealed. The various contracted products of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-22 Daizhan Cheng , Min Meng , Xiao Zhang , Zhengping Ji

A new matrix product, called the semi-tensor product (STP), is briefly reviewed. The STP extends the classical matrix product to two arbitrary matrices. Under STP the set of matrices becomes a monoid (semi-group with identity). Some related…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-20 Daizhan Cheng

An equivalence of matrices via semi-tensor product (STP) is proposed. Using this equivalence, the quotient space is obtained. Parallel and sequential arrangements of the natural projection on different shapes of matrices leads to the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-04-15 Daizhan Cheng , Zequn Liu

Motivated by the study of dynamic control systems, this paper proposes novel algebraic operations on cubic matrices to construct both linear and nonlinear controlled dynamics. The standard t-product of cubic matrices imposes strict…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Daizhan Cheng , Zhengping Ji

Semi-tensor product(STP) or matrix (M-) product of matrices turns the set of matrices with arbitrary dimensions into a monoid $({\cal M},\ltimes)$. A matrix (M-) addition is defined over subsets of a partition of ${\cal M}$, and a matrix…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-01-17 Daizhan Cheng , Zequn Liu , Hongsheng Qi

The $\star_M$-family of tensor-tensor products is a framework which generalizes many properties from linear algebra to third order tensors. Here, we investigate positive semidefiniteness and semidefinite programming under the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Alex Dunbar , Elizabeth Newman

The matrix expressions for every parts of a transformer are firstly described. Based on semi-tensor product (STP) of matrices the hypervectors are reconsidered and the linear transformation over hypervectors is constructed by using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Daizhan Cheng

The semi-tensor product (STP) of matrices which was proposed by Daizhan Cheng in 2001 [2], is a natural generalization of the standard matrix product and well defined at every two finite-dimensional matrices. In 2016, Cheng proposed a new…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-10-03 Kuize Zhang

The tensor-tensor product (t-product) [M. E. Kilmer and C. D. Martin, 2011] is a natural generalization of matrix multiplication. Based on t-product, many operations on matrix can be extended to tensor cases, including tensor SVD, tensor…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-21 Canyi Lu

A novel parallel algorithm for matrix multiplication is presented. The hyper-systolic algorithm makes use of a one-dimensional processor abstraction. The procedure can be implemented on all types of parallel systems. It can handle…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Thomas Lippert , Nikolay Petkov , Paolo Palazzari , Klaus Schilling

Following up on a previous analysis of graph embeddings, we generalize and expand some results to the general setting of vector symbolic architectures (VSA) and hyperdimensional computing (HDC). Importantly, we explore the mathematical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-23 Frank Qiu

In recent years several classes of structured matrices are extended to classes of tensors in the context of tensor complementarity problem. The tensor complementarity problem is a class of nonlinear complementarity problem where the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-09-02 R. Deb , A. K. Das

Hypergraphs require higher-dimensional representations, which makes it more difficult to compute and interpret their spectral properties. This survey article uses the framework of hypermatrices to give an in-depth overview of the spectral…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-07-21 Shashwath S Shetty , K Arathi Bhat

The approximation of matrices to the sum of tensor products of Hermitian matrices is studied. A minimum decomposition of matrices on tensor space $H_1\otimes H_2$ in terms of the sum of tensor products of Hermitian matrices on $H_1$ and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Shao-Ming Fei , Naihuan Jing , Bao-Zhi Sun

Using the decomposition of semimagic squares into the associated and balanced symmetry types as a motivation, we introduce an equivalent representation in terms of block-structured matrices. This block representation provides a way of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-30 S. L. Hill , M. C. Lettington , K. M. Schmidt

We say that a semigroup of matrices has a submultiplicative spectrum if the spectrum of the product of any two elements of the semigroup is contained in the product of the two spectra in question (as sets). In this note we explore an…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-17 Mitja Mastnak , Lindsey McNamara , Zhipeng Yu

Matrix product states play an important role in quantum information theory to represent states of many-body systems. They can be seen as low-dimensional subvarieties of a high-dimensional tensor space. In these notes, we consider two…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-05 Tim Seynnaeve

We focus on symmetries related to matrices and vectors appearing in the simulation of quantum many-body systems. Spin Hamiltonians have special matrix-symmetry properties such as persymmetry. Furthermore, the systems may exhibit physical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-01-07 T. Huckle , K. Waldherr , T. Schulte-Herbrueggen

A new mathematical structure, called the cross-dimensional mathematics (CDM), is proposed. The CDM considered in this paper consists of three parts: hyper algebra, hyper geometry, and hyper Lie group/Lie algebra. Hyper algebra proposes some…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-01-16 Daizhan Cheng

We compute the spectrum of the "all ones" hypermatrix using the Poisson product formula. This computation includes a complete description of the eigenvalues' multiplicities, a seemingly elusive aspect of the spectral theory of tensors. We…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2013-01-22 Joshua Cooper , Aaron Dutle
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