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This paper presents a unified and system-agnostic analysis of the ambiguity function (AF) characteristics of four representative multicarrier waveforms, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), orthogonal time frequency space…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Hyeon Seok Rou , Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu

This paper characterizes the mainlobe and sidelobe structure of the Multi-Tone Sinusoidal Frequency Modulated (MTSFM) transmit waveform's narrowband Ambiguity Function (AF) for active sonar applications. The MTSFM waveform's modulation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-11 David A. Hague

This paper investigates the ambiguity function (AF) of the emerging affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) waveform for Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) signaling under a pulse shaping regime. Specifically, we first derive…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-07 Yuanhan Ni , Fan Liu , Haoran Yin , Yanqun Tang , Zulin Wang

This paper provides a fundamental characterization of the discrete ambiguity functions (AFs) of random communication waveforms under arbitrary orthonormal modulation with random constellation symbols, which serve as a key metric for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Ying Zhang , Fan Liu , Yifeng Xiong , Weijie Yuan , Shuangyang Li , Le Zheng , Tony Xiao Han , Christos Masouros , Shi Jin

Discrete affine Fourier transform spread affine frequency division multiplexing (DAFT-s-AFDM) is a promising waveform for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) due to its low peak-to-average power ratio, robustness to Doppler shifts,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Shiqi Cui , Tianqi Mao , Fan Zhang , Zeping Sui , Christos Masouros , Zhaocheng Wang

Affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) is a chirp-based multicarrier waveform that was recently proposed for communication over doubly dispersive channels. Given its chirp nature, AFDM is expected to have superior sensing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-15 Ebrahim Bedeer

Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) systems face stringent hardware constraints, particularly regarding the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of standard OFDM, which necessitates power amplifier (PA) back-off and reduces…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-12 Amir Bouziane , Huseyin Arslan

Affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) is a recently proposed communication waveform for time-varying channel scenarios. As a chirp-based multicarrier modulation technique it can not only satisfy the needs of multiple scenarios in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-01 Jiajun Zhu , Yanqun Tang , Xizhang Wei , Haoran Yin , Jinming Du , Zhengpeng Wang , Yuqinng Liu

OFDM is widely adopted in modern wireless communication systems, but its power efficiency is limited by high envelope fluctuations. Although various high power-efficiency waveforms have been proposed, most are incompatible with the CP-OFDMA…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-29 Yiming Zhu , Zhuhong Zhu , Xiaodong Xu , Hongwei Hou , Wenjin Wang , Rui Ding

Affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) is a promising chirp-based waveform with high flexibility and resilience, making it well-suited for next-generation wireless networks, particularly in high-mobility scenarios. In this paper, we…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-14 Haoran Yin , Yanqun Tang , Yuanhan Ni , Zulin Wang , Gaojie Chen , Jun Xiong , Kai Yang , Marios Kountouris , Yong Liang Guan , Yong Zeng

This paper describes a gradient-descent based optimization algorithm for synthesizing Constant Envelope Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CE-OFDM) waveforms with low Auto-Correlation Function (ACF) sidelobes in a specified region…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-20 David G. Felton , David A. Hague

Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) has garnered significant attention as a promising technology for next-generation wireless and vehicular communications. Among candidate waveforms, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-11 Eya Gourar , Yahia Medjahdi , Laurent Clavier , Abdul Karim Gizzini , Patrick Sondi

Phase Coded (PC) waveforms possess desirable Auto-Correlation Function (ACF) properties for use in radar and sonar systems. However, their spectra possess high spectral leakage due to the abrupt phase transitions between the chips in the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-21 David A. Hague

Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation has recently been identified as a suitable waveform for joint radar and communication systems. Focusing on the effect of data modulation on the radar sensing performance, we derive the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-14 Shalanika Dayarathna , Peter Smith , Rajitha Senanayake , Jamie Evans

This paper investigates the ambiguity function (AF) of communication signals carrying random data payloads, which is a fundamental metric characterizing sensing capability in ISAC systems. We first develop a unified analytical framework to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Ying Zhang , Fan Liu , Yifeng Xiong , Tao Liu , Shi Jin

Motivated by the ideal peak-to-average-power ratio and radar sensing capability of traditional frequency-coded radar waveforms, this paper considers the frequency shift keying (FSK) based waveform for joint communications and radar (JCR).…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Tian Han , Peter J Smith , Urbashi Mitra , Jamie S Evans , Rajitha Senanayake

Affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) has emerged as a promising integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) waveform due to its intrinsic chirp signalling nature. Nevertheless, practical AFDM-based ISAC still faces two key…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-27 Lingsheng Meng , Yong Liang Guan , Zilong Liu , Yirui Luo , Pingzhi Fan

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a key waveform for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) due to its spectral efficiency and compatibility with modern wireless standards. In multi-target and clutter-rich…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Dongil Yang , Kaitao Meng , Christos Masouros , Kawon Han

Frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar with inter-chirp coding produces high side-lobes in the Doppler and range dimensions of the radar's ambiguity function. The high side-lobes may cause miss-detection due to masking between…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-27 Zahra Esmaeilbeig , Arindam Bose , Mojtaba Soltanalian

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a key enabling technique for future wireless networks owing to its efficient hardware and spectrum utilization. In this paper, we focus on dual-functional waveform design for a multi-input…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-26 Peishi Li , Ming Li , Rang Liu , Qian Liu , A. Lee Swindlehurst
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