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Related papers: Natural Gradient Methods: Perspectives, Efficient-…

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We evaluate natural gradient, an algorithm originally proposed in Amari (1997), for learning deep models. The contributions of this paper are as follows. We show the connection between natural gradient and three other recently proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-02-18 Razvan Pascanu , Yoshua Bengio

Second-order training methods have better convergence properties than gradient descent but are rarely used in practice for large-scale training due to their computational overhead. This can be viewed as a hardware limitation (imposed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Kaelan Donatella , Samuel Duffield , Maxwell Aifer , Denis Melanson , Gavin Crooks , Patrick J. Coles

Accelerating the convergence of second-order optimization, particularly Newton-type methods, remains a pivotal challenge in algorithmic research. In this paper, we extend previous work on the \textbf{Quadratic Gradient (QG)} and rigorously…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-01 John Chiang

Gradient descent is the primary workhorse for optimizing large-scale problems in machine learning. However, its performance is highly sensitive to the choice of the learning rate. A key limitation of gradient descent is its lack of natural…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-15 Oscar Smee , Fred Roosta , Stephen J. Wright

Gradient-based algorithms are one of the methods of choice for the optimisation of Markov Decision Processes. In this article we will present a novel approximate Newton algorithm for the optimisation of such models. The algorithm has…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-08-05 Thomas Furmston , David Barber

We propose energy natural gradient descent, a natural gradient method with respect to a Hessian-induced Riemannian metric as an optimization algorithm for physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and the deep Ritz method. As a main…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Johannes Müller , Marius Zeinhofer

Natural gradients have long been studied in deep reinforcement learning due to their fast convergence properties and covariant weight updates. However, computing natural gradients requires inversion of the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM) at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yingxiao Huo , Satya Prakash Dash , Radu Stoican , Samuel Kaski , Mingfei Sun

We study online inference and asymptotic covariance estimation for the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm. While classical methods (such as plug-in and batch-means estimators) are available, they either require inaccessible…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-24 Ziyang Wei , Wanrong Zhu , Jingyang Lyu , Wei Biao Wu

Natural gradient descent is a principled method for adapting the parameters of a statistical model on-line using an underlying Riemannian parameter space to redefine the direction of steepest descent. The algorithm is examined via methods…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-10-31 Magnus Rattray , David Saad

The natural gradient method is widely used in statistical optimization, but its standard formulation assumes a Euclidean parameter space. This paper proposes an inversion-free stochastic natural gradient method for probability distributions…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-06 Dario Draca , Takuo Matsubara , Minh-Ngoc Tran

Natural-gradient descent (NGD) on structured parameter spaces (e.g., low-rank covariances) is computationally challenging due to difficult Fisher-matrix computations. We address this issue by using \emph{local-parameter coordinates} to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-19 Wu Lin , Frank Nielsen , Mohammad Emtiyaz Khan , Mark Schmidt

This paper introduces a method for efficiently approximating the inverse of the Fisher information matrix, a crucial step in achieving effective variational Bayes inference. A notable aspect of our approach is the avoidance of analytically…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-29 A. Godichon-Baggioni , D. Nguyen , M-N Tran

This paper establishes a mathematical foundation for the Adam optimizer, elucidating its connection to natural gradient descent through Riemannian and information geometry. We provide an accessible and detailed analysis of the diagonal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Dongseong Hwang

In the context of deep learning, many optimization methods use gradient covariance information in order to accelerate the convergence of Stochastic Gradient Descent. In particular, starting with Adagrad, a seemingly endless line of research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Nikolaos Tselepidis , Jonas Kohler , Antonio Orvieto

Large scale optimization problems are ubiquitous in machine learning and data analysis and there is a plethora of algorithms for solving such problems. Many of these algorithms employ sub-sampling, as a way to either speed up the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-02-29 Farbod Roosta-Khorasani , Michael W. Mahoney

In this paper, a novel second-order method called NG+ is proposed. By following the rule ``the shape of the gradient equals the shape of the parameter", we define a generalized fisher information matrix (GFIM) using the products of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-15 Minghan Yang , Dong Xu , Qiwen Cui , Zaiwen Wen , Pengxiang Xu

Second-order methods for neural network optimization have several advantages over methods based on first-order gradient descent, including better scaling to large mini-batch sizes and fewer updates needed for convergence. But they are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-21 Huishuai Zhang , Caiming Xiong , James Bradbury , Richard Socher

It is known that when the statistical models are singular, i.e., the Fisher information matrix at the true parameter is degenerate, the fixed step-size gradient descent algorithm takes polynomial number of steps in terms of the sample size…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-15 Tongzheng Ren , Jiacheng Zhuo , Sujay Sanghavi , Nhat Ho

We consider the problem of approximating a function by an element of a nonlinear manifold which admits a differentiable parametrization, typical examples being neural networks with differentiable activation functions or tensor networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Anthony Nouy , Agustín Somacal

Approximate Newton methods are a standard optimization tool which aim to maintain the benefits of Newton's method, such as a fast rate of convergence, whilst alleviating its drawbacks, such as computationally expensive calculation or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-08-07 Thomas Furmston , Guy Lever